Effect of Intercropping Beans with Maize and Botanical Extract on Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) Infestation

Table 2

Effect of treatments on fall armyworm severity (number of larvae per plant; mean ± SD) at three to seven weeks after planting.

Treatments	Weeks after planting
	3	4	5	6	7
Control-no input	0.9 ± 0.8 cA	4.7 ± 0.7aA	2.9 ± 0.3bA	2.4 ± 0.4bcA	2.6 ± 0.4bcA
Dwarf beans intercrop	0.3 ± 0.2bA	1.3 ± 0.5aB	0.7 ± 0.1aB	1.4 ± 0.4aB	1.8 ± 0.6aAB
Climbing beans intercrop	1.0 ± 1.4aA	0.9 ± 0.8aB	0.8 ± 0.3aB	0.9 ± 0.8aB	1.3 ± 0.5aB
Piper emulsion botanical	0.2 ± 0.3aA	0.2 ± 0.2aB	0.1 ± 0.1aC	0.0 ± 0.0aC	0.0 ± 0.0aC
Synthetic insecticide	0.4 ± 0.3aA	0.3 ± 0.2aB	1.1 ± 0.2aB	0.3 ± 0.5aB	1.0 ± 0.8aB

Values within rows with different lowercase letters are significantly different between weeks for each treatment, while values within columns with different uppercase letters are significantly different between treatments for each week ().