Supply-Side Practices and Constraints of the Kola Nut (Cola nitida (Vent) Schott. and Endl.) Value Chain in Ghana: A Descriptive Evidence

Table 4

Kola nut farmers’ cultural practices and extension.

Variable	Level	Percentage
Agronomic practices (N = 187)	Yes	0.5
	No	99.5
Ever applied fertilizer (N = 187)	Yes	24.5
	Never	75.5
Planting method used (N = 187)	Random	95.7
	Regular spacing	4.3
Spacing (N = 8)	10 ft × 10 ft	12.5
	20 ft × 20 ft	25
	25 ft × 25 ft	25
	28 ft × 28 ft	25
	30 ft × 30 ft	12.5
Ever pruned (N = 187)	Yes	22.3
	No	77.7
Ever cut part or all of your kola farm (N = 187)	Yes	44.1
	No	55.9
Specify the cutting done (N = 83)	Part of the kola farm/trees	98.8
	Entire kola farm/trees	1.2
Crops planted after cutting was done (N = 83)	None	41
	Cocoa	42.2
	Kola	1.2
	Citrus	1.2
	Food crops	10.8
	Oil palm	3.6
Variable	Mean	Standard error
Average proportion of kola farm cutout of 10	8.0	0.19
Average frequency of fertilizer application in a year	1.0	0.12
Average frequency of weeding	2.0	0.05