Research Article

Phenotypic Characterization, Evaluation, and Classification of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Accessions in Ethiopia

Table 2

Qualitative characters used for evaluation in 64 accessions based on the descriptors of Fukuda et al. [23].

Characters observedScoringObserved period (MAP)

(1) Color of apical leaves3: light green; 5: dark green; 7: purplish green; and 9: purple3
(2) Pubescence on apical leaves0: absent and 1: present6
(3) Shape of central leaflet1: ovoid; 2: elliptic-lanceolate; 3: obovate-lanceolate; 4: oblang-lanceolate; 5: lanceolate; 6: linear; 7: pandurates; 8: linear-piramidal; 9: linear pandurate; and 10: linear-hostatilobalate6
(4) Leaf retention1: very poor retention; 2: less than average retention; 3: average leaf retention; 4: better than average retention; and 5: outstanding leaf retention6
(5) Petiole color1: yellowish green; 2: green; 3: reddish green; 5: greenish red; 7: red; and 9: purple6
(6) Leaf color3: light green 5: dark green; 7: purple green; and 9: purple6
(7) Number of leaf lobe3: three lobes; 5: five lobes; 7: seven lobes; 9: nine lobes; and 11: eleven lobe6
(8) Lobe margins3: smooth and 7: winding6
(9) Color of leaf vein3: green; 5: reddish green in less than half of the lobe; 7: reddish green in more than half of the lobe; and 9: all red6
(10) Orientation of petiole1: inclined upwards; 3: horizontal; 5: inclined downwards; and 7: irregular6
(11) Prominence of foliar scars3: semiprominent and 5: prominent9
(12) Color of stem cortex1: orange; 2: light green; and 3: dark green9
(13) Color of stem epidermis1: cream; 2: light brown; 3: dark brown; and 4: orange9
(14) Color of stem exterior3: orange; 4: greeny-yellowish; 5: golden; 6: light brown; 7: silver; 8: gray; and 9: dark brown9
(15) Growth habit of stem1: straight and 2: zigzag9
(16) Distance between leaf scars3: short (≤8 cm); 5: medium (8–15 cm); and 7: long (≥15)9
(17) Color of end branches of adult plant3: green; 5: green-purple; and 7: purple9
(18) Stipule margin1: entire and 2: split or forked9
(19) Length of stipules3: short and 5: long9
(20) Branching habit1: erect; 2: dichotomus; 3: trichotomous; and 4: tetrachotomus18
(21) Shape of plant1: compact; 2: open; 3: umbrella; and 4: cylindrical18
(22) Fruit0: absent and 1: present6–18
(23) Seed0: absent and 1: present6–18
(24) Root constrictions1: few to none (3 or less); 2: some (4–6); and 3: many (>6)18
(25) Root shape1: conical; 2: conical-cylindrical; 3: cylindrical; and 4: irregular18
(26) External color of storage root1: white or cream; 2: yellow; 3: light brown; and 4: dark brown18
(27) Color of root pulp1: white; 2: cream; 3: yellow; 4: orange; and 5: pink18
(28) Color of root cortex1: white or cream; 2: yellow; 3: pink; and 4: purple18
(29) Cortex: ease of peeling1: easy and 2: difficult18
(30) Texture of root epidermis3: smooth; 5: intermediate; and 7: rough18