Research Article
Effect of Dissolved Oxygen and Chemical Scarification on Andrographis paniculata Seed Germination in Macrobubble Conditions
Figure 2
Effect of seed germination on difference dissolved oxygen concentration of macrobubble aeration. One hundred A. paniculata seeds were shown for representative of (a)–(e). (a) Nonmacrobubble aeration with dissolved oxygen (DO) 5.0 mg·L−1 as control, (b) DO 6.0 mg·L−1, (c) DO 7.0 mg·L−1, (d) DO 8.0 mg·L−1, and (e) DO 9.0 mg·L−1. (f) The stage of seed germination for i, ii, iii, and iv that show primary roots, secondary roots, and cotyledon. (g) The number of seedlings that occur secondary roots after germination. (h) The number of seedlings that occur cotyledon (bar = 1 cm).