Effect of Dissolved Oxygen and Chemical Scarification on Andrographis paniculata Seed Germination in Macrobubble Conditions

Figure 4

Number of seed germination on different chemical treats in microbubble aeration with optimum dissolved oxygen. One hundred A. paniculata seeds were shown for representative. (a) Nonchemical treat as control, (b) chemical treat with 200 ppm gibberellic acid (GA₃) for 30 min, (c) sodium hypochlorite (NaHClO₃) for 30 min conc., (d) 2% (v/v) sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) for 10 min, (e) 150 mM potassium nitrate (KNO₃) for 30 min, (f) 2% (w/v) potassium chlorite (KCl) for 10 min, (g) 10% polyethylene glycol (PEG) for 24 h, and (h) 25 mM sodium chloride (NaCl) for 24 h (bar = 1 cm).