Evaluating Plant Leaf Tinctures against Maize Weevils (Sitophilus zeamais Motsch.) in Stored Maize (Zea mays L.) under Laboratory Conditions

Table 2

Mean mortality of S. zeamais at different hours of exposure to plant extracts under laboratory conditions (temp = 27 ± 3°C; relative humidity = 55–70%).

Plant species	Concentration (mL)	Mean ± Std, mean % adult mortality
		6 hrs	12 hrs	24 hrs	48 hrs	72 hrs	1week	2 weeks	3 weeks	4 weeks
B. antidysenterica	2.5	6.33 ± 1.15^a	6.33 ± 1.52^a	8.33 ± 0.57^a	9.66 ± 0.57^a	10.33 ± 0.57^a	11.00 ± 0.00^a	17.00 ± 1.00^a	17.00 ± 2.64^a	19.00 ± 1.00^a
	5	7.00 ± 1.00^a	7.00 ± 1.00^a	8.66 ± 0.57^a	10.66 ± 0.57^a	10.66 ± 0.57^a	11.33 ± 0.57^a	18.00 ± 1.00^a	17.66 ± 0.57^a	19.00 ± 0.00^a
	7.5	8.66 ± 0.57^a	9.00 ± 1.00^a	9.00 ± 1.00^a	11.00 ± 0.00^b	11.33 ± 0.57^a	12.00 ± 1.00^a	19.00 ± 0.00^a	18.33 ± 0.57^a	20.00 ± 0.00^a
C. macrostachyus	2.5	6.00 ± 0.00^a	6.66 ± 0.57^a	7.00 ± 0.00^a	7.33 ± 0.57^a	8.00 ± 1.00^a	9.00 ± 1.00^a	15.33 ± 0.57^a	16.66 ± 1.15^a	17.00 ± 1.00^a
	5	6.66 ± 0.57^a	7.00 ± 0.00^a	7.33 ± 0.57^a	8.00 ± 1.00^a	8.33 ± 0.57^a	10.00 ± 1.00^a	17.33 ± 1.15^a	17.66 ± 0.57^a	18.33 ± 1.15^a
	7.5	7.66 ± 0.57^b	8.00 ± 0.00^b	8.66 ± 0.57^b	9.33 ± 0.57^b	11.00 ± 0.00^b	12.00 ± 1.00^b	17.66 ± 2.08^a	18.33 ± 1.52^a	18.33 ± 1.52^a
N. exaltata	2.5	7.00 ± 0.00^a	7.33 ± 0.57^a	7.66 ± 0.57^a	8.00 ± 0.00^a	8.33 ± 0.57^a	9.00 ± 1.00^a	14.66 ± 0.57^a	16.33 ± 1.15^a	17.00 ± 1.00^a
	5	8.00 ± 0.00^a	7.66 ± 0.57^a	7.66 ± 0.57^a	8.33 ± 0.57^b	9.66 ± 0.57^ab	10.00 ± 0.00^a	15.33 ± 1.15^ab	17.00 ± 0.00^a	18.00 ± 0.00^a
	7.5	8.00 ± 1.00^a	8.33 ± 0.57^a	8.33 ± 0.57^a	9.00 ± 0.00^b	11.00 ± 1.00^b	11.33 ± 1.52^a	18.00 ± 1.73^b	18.66 ± 1.52^a	18.66 ± 1.52^a
C. papaya L	2.5	8.33 ± 0.57^a	8.66 ± 0.57^a	9.00 ± 0.00^a	10.00 ± 1.00^a	10.67 ± 0.57^ab	11.33 ± 0.57^a	15.66 ± 1.52^a	16.00 ± 1.73^a	16.66 ± 2.30^a
	5	8.66 ± 0.57^a	9.00 ± 0.00^a	9.33 ± 0.57^ab	9.66 ± 0.57^a	10.00 ± 0.00^a	10.41 ± 0.79^a	17.25 ± 1.48^a	17.66 ± 0.65^a	18.50 ± 0.67^a
	7.5	10.00 ± 1.00^a	9.33 ± 0.57^a	10.33 ± 0.57^b	10.66 ± 0.57^a	11.00 ± 0.00^b	11.83 ± 1.02^a	17.83 ± 1.58^a	18.41 ± 1.16^a	18.75 ± 1.13^a
Control	0	0.00 ± 0.00^c	0.00 ± 0.00^c	0.000.00^c	0.00 ± 0.00^c	0.00 ± 0.000^c	0.00 ± 0.00^c	0.00 ± 0.00^c	0.00 ± 0.00^c	0.00 ± 0.00^c

Each value is the mean ± standard deviation. Means followed by the same letter in a column are not significantly different () from the Tukey HSD test.