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Serial no. | Family | Plants name | Part used | Properties | Chemical constituents | References |
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01 | Acanthaceae | Thunbergia grandiflora Roxb | Leaf extract | Antioxidant, antilipoxygenase, AChE inhibitor | Iridoids, glycosides | [44] |
Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) | Active compound | AChE, BChE, and BACE-1 inhibitor | Grandifloric acid, phenolic acids | [27] |
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02 | Acoraceae | Acorus calamus L. | Plant extract | Antioxidant, AChE inhibitor | Phenolics, flavonoids | [46] |
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03 | Anacardiaceae | Mangifera indica Wall | Leaf extract | Antipyretic, antioxidant | Flavonoids, phenols | [48] |
Myracrodruon urundeuva M. Allemão | Leaf extract | Anti-inflammatory, AChE inhibitor | Phenols | [48] |
Semecarpus anacardium Buch.-Hamis. | Leaf extract | Antioxidant, anti-AChE | Flavonoids, phenols | [49] |
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04 | Apiaceae | Ferula asafoetida H. Karst | Whole plant extract, resins | AChE inhibitor, antioxidant activity | Ferulic acid, umbelliferone, coumarins, and other terpenoids | [51, 128] |
Coriandrum sativum L. | Leaf extract, volatile oil | Antioxidant, antidepressant, and anxiolytic proprieties | Petroselinic acid, linalool, fatty acids | [53, 129] |
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05 | Apocynaceae | Hancornia speciosa Gomes | Fruit extracts | Antioxidant, AChE inhibitor | Flavonoids, phenols, tannins | [55] |
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06 | Araliaceae | Eleutherococcus leucorrhizus var. setchuenensis (Harms) C. B. Shang & J. Y. Huang and Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus (Rupr. & Maxim.) S. Y. Hu | Leaf extracts | Antioxidant, adaptogen, anti-inflammatory | Eleutherosides | [58, 59] |
Acanthopanax trifoliatus (L.) Voss and Eleutherococcus senticosus Maxim | Whole plant extract | Leukotriene signaling pathway inhibitor | Polyphenols, flavonoids | [59] |
Panax ginseng C.A. Mey | Root extract | Neuroprotective | Ginsenosides, gintonin | [61–63] |
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07 | Arecaceae | Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman | Leaf and fruit extract | AChE inhibitor | Stilbenoids, flavonoids, lignans, phenols, and fatty acids | [64] |
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08 | Boraginaceae | Nonea micrantha Boiss. & Reut. | Whole plant extract | Antioxidant, AChE inhibitor | Saponins | [66] |
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09 | Buxaceae | Sarcococca saligna Müll.Arg | Whole plant extracts | AChE inhibitor | Steroidal alkaloids | [67] |
Sarcococca hookeriana Baill | Whole plant extracts | Butylestrase inhibitor | Steroidal alkaloids, salignenamide | [69] |
Buxus papillosa C.K. Schneid | Leaf extract | Skin protectant | Vegainine, hookrianamide, buxakarachiamine | [70] |
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10 | Convolvulaceae | Convolvulus pluricaulis Choisy | Leaf extracts | Antioxidant, muscarinic receptor stabilizer | Ascorbic acid, flavonoids, rivastigmine, terpenoids, steroids | [72] |
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11 | Crassulaceae | Rhodiola rosea L. | Root and rhizome extract | Anti-inflammatory and adaptogenic, antioxidant | Glycoside salidroside | [58, 76] |
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12 | Cucurbitaceae | Caryocar coriaceum Wittm. | Fruit extract | Antioxidant, antifungal and antileishmaniasis | Flavonoids | [77] |
13 | Fabaceae | Bauhinia forficata Link and Copaifera langsdorffii Desf | Fruit extract | Hypoglycemic, antioxidant, AChE inhibitor, hypoglycemic | Polyphenols | [79–82] |
Clitoria ternatea L. | Leaf and root extracts | Brain tonic antioxidant, muscarinic receptor stabilizer | Quercetin and myricetin glycosides | [72] |
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14 | Ginkgoaceae | Ginkgo biloba L. | Leaf extracts | Antioxidant, AChE inhibitor | Terpenes, bilobalide, ginkgolide | [84] |
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15 | Iridaceae | Crocus sativus Ten | Dry stigma powder | Antioxidant, neuroprotective | Crocin, crocetin, picrocrocin, and safranin | [84] |
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16 | Lamiaceae | Mentha piperita L., Salvia longifolia Nutt., Betonica officinalis L., Satureja montana L., Teucrium L., Chamaedrys Moench, Clerodendrum cephalanthum subsp. montanum (Thomas) Verdc., Teucrium polium L., and Thymus vulgaris L. | Arial part and leaf extracts | Antioxidant, AChE inhibitor, anticholinesterase activity | Carotenoids, phenolic acids, rosmarinic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, Trolox | [92] |
Lavandula angustifolia Mill | Arial part extract | Antioxidant, neurotransmitter, antianxiety, hypnotic, anticonvulsant | Linalool, tannins, linalyl acetate, camphor, coumarins, triterpenes, flavonoids | [94, 95, 130] |
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17 | Lessoniaceae | Ecklonia cava | Seaweed extract | AChE inhibitor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer | Dieckol, phlorofurofukoeckol-A | [97] |
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18 | Lythraceae | Lawsonia inermis L. | Leaf extract | Antioxidant, nootropic potential | Phytol, pseudoephedrine, aspidofractinine-3-methanol, phenol, 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl, methylcarbamate | [98] |
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19 | Lycopodiaceae | Lycopodiella cernua (L.) Pic.Serm, Lycopodiella riofrioi (Sodiro) B.Øllg, Lycopodium clavatum f. brevipedunculatum Louis-Marie, and Huperzia selago var. serrata (Thunb.) Á. Löve & D. Löve | Whole plant extract | AChE inhibitor, antioxidant, AChE inhibitor | Huperzine A | [99, 100] |
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20 | Moraceae | Ficus carica L. | Mesocarp extract | Antioxidant | C-Sitosterol | [21] |
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21 | Myrtaceae | Psidium guajava L. | Leaf and fruit extract | Antioxidant, antidiabetic | Linoleic acid | [103] |
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22 | Oleaceae | Olea europaea L. | Fruit oil | Autophagous, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective | Polyphenols, oleuropein aglycone | [105–107] |
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23 | Pedaliaceae | Sesamum indicum L. | Seed extract | Antioxidant, AChE inhibitor, neuroprotective | Sesamin, sesaminol, terpenes, flavonoids | [109] |
24 | Plantaginaceae | Rehmannia glutinosa f. lutea | Root extract | Antioxidant, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory | Catapols, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, bacopasaponin | [110] |
Bacopa monneiri or thyme-leaved gratiola | Leaf extracts | Antioxidant, antilipoxygenase | Brahmine, herpestine | [111] |
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25 | Polygalaceae | Polygala alba var. tenuifolia S.F.Blake | Root extract | Antioxidant | Lipopolysaccharides | [112] |
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26 | Ranunculaceae | Nigella sativa L. | Seed extract | Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant, AChE inhibitor, neuroprotective | Thymoquinone, phenols | [113–115] |
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27 | Rhamnaceae | Ziziphus jujuba Lam | Whole plant extract | Antioxidant, immunostimulant, and anti-inflammatory | Flavonoids, polysaccharides, phenolics, terpenes | [117] |
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28 | Sargassaceae | Sargassum sagamianum | Seaweed extracts | AChE inhibitor | Plastoquinones, sargachromenol, sargaquinoic acid | [119] |
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29 | Saururaceae | Saururus chinensis hort. ex Loudon | Whole plant extract | Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory | Flavonoids, alkaloids, α-pinene, cinnamic acid, camphene, safrole, β-caryophyllene, linalool, and humulene | [121, 122] |
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30 | Solanaceae | Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal | Root extracts | Antioxidant, adaptogenic, leukotriene signaling inhibitor | Sitoindosides, withaferin | [125] |
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31 | Zingiberaceae | Curcuma longa L. | Rhizome extracts | Neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, protein hyperphosphorylation inhibitor | Curcumins, flavonoids, phenols | [127] |
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