Experimental Study of Torque Using a Small Scoop on the Lunar Surface

Figure 14

Influence of the small gravels on the excavation torque. The bulk density was loose, the penetration angle was 60 degrees, the rotating speed was 0.28 r/min, P0 contained no gravels, P1N6 contained six small gravels in the P1 area, P2N6 contained six small gravels in the P2 area, P3N6 contained six small gravels in the P3 area, and P1N12 contained 12 small gravels in the P1 area.

(a) Influence of the gravel position

(b) Influence of the number of gravels