Cost-Efficient LEO Navigation Augmentation Constellation Design under a Constrained Deployment Approach

Table 6

Configuration model and optimization results in our studies and XSCC’s.

Configuration model	Results in this work			Results obtained by XSCC
	Quasi-Walker constellation	Quasi-Walker constellation	Restricted Flower constellation	Quasi-Walker constellation	Restricted Flower constellation
Performance index	Discrete	Continuous	Continuous	Penalty function
Satellite	77	70	70	75	70
	11	7	70	25	70
	7	10	1	3	1
(km)	9337.00	9486.48	9487.11	9484.86	9487.39
	0	0	0	0	0
(deg)	74.00	74.36	74.38	73.90	74.39
(deg)	105.31	100.80	100.55	43.30	152.94
(deg)	202.92	174.08	219.40	218.69	218.59
(deg)	0	2.27	136.23	285.36	12.63
	5.91	0.005	-9.35	—	-9.35
System cost (monetary units)	5.85	5.30	5.30	5.75	5.30