Numerical and Experimental Verification of Spherically Layered Ice Model for Analysis on Hail Impacting Aviation Structures

Table 6

Error comparison between ice ball impact tests and numerical simulation results.

	Specific gravity	Peak load
		Test value (N)	Simulation value (N)	Error (%)
1-1	0.99	18 185.62	16 989.73	−6.58
1-2	0.99	17 755.91		−4.32
2-1	0.80	13 505.80	13 701.16	+1.45
2-2	0.80	14 179.34		−3.37