Research Article

Analysis of Single-Pilot Intention Modeling in Commercial Aviation

Table 2

Dataset of operation sequences and flight intent labels.

S/NOperation sequencesFlight intent labels

1Thrust levers to idle (y13), engine fuel control switch to RUN position (y3), start right engine (y10), monitor right engine parameters (y8), start left engine (y6), monitor left engine parameters (y7), flap/slat lever to detent 2 (y4), autobrake switch to RTO (y1), set bleed air (y11), probe heat switch to on (y9), window heat switch to high position (y14), yaw damper on (y15), generator switch to on (y5), shut down APU (y12), check flight control (y2)Engine starting on the ground
2Thrust levers to 40% N1 and keep stable (y23), thrust levers to 60% N1 and keep stable (y24), press TOGA and verify setting of take-off thrust (y20), perform rotation to 15 degrees (y21), climb with FD command (y18), landing gear up (y19), flap/slat lever to detent 0(y17), autopilot on (y16), adjust standard air pressure at transition altitude (y22)Take-off and climb
3Complete descent preparation on CDU(y29), set DA (y36), select course (y34), check landing elevation (y27), set autobrake (y35), complete approach briefing (y28), safety belt switch to on (y33), adjust standard air pressure at transition altitude (y22), set exterior lights (y37), landing gear DN (y31), flap/slat lever to landing configuration (y30), set exterior lights (y37), autopilot off (y25), autothrottle off (y26), reverse thrust on (y32), thrust levers to idle (y13)Descend approach and land
4Press TOGA (y39), lift flap/slat lever upward for 1 detent (y38), verify thrust increase (y40), climb with FD command (y18), landing gear UP (y19)Go-around
5Put on an oxygen mask and set 100% (y47), select mask in boom/mask switch (y49), establish crew communication (y51), PA announces emergency order (y45), safety belt switch to on (y33), descend to preselected altitude FL100 (y48), establish FLC mode (y41), establish HDG mode (y42), set preselected heading (y50), maintain proper speed (y43), thrust levers to idle (y13), speed brake lever as required (y52), transponder 7700 (y53), notify ATC (y44), passenger oxygen switch to on (y46)Cabin altitude high and make an emergency descent
6PA announces emergency order (y45), transponder 7700 (y53), notify ATC (y44), TAWS switch to off (y65), ELT control switch to on (y56), safety belt switch to on (y33), no smoking switch to on (y62), set landing data (y64), cockpit pressure control switch to off (y54), turn man rate knob right to stop position (y66), set BARO REF (y63), landing gear as required (y60), landing configuration as required (y59), PA announces emergency order (y45), thrust levers to idle (y13), engine fuel control switch to off (y57), apply parking brake (y58), lift extinguishing handle and turn it to the end (y61), execute emergency evacuation (y55)Make a forced landing
7Engine fuel control switch to off (y57), engine ignitor switch to auto (y69), engine bleed switch to off (y68), check bleed air pressure (y67), start affected engine (y70), stop starting affected engine (y71), notify ATC (y44)Engine fire extinguishing
8Autothrottle off (y26), engine bleed switch to off (y68), thrust levers to idle (y13), engine fuel control switch to run position (y3), engine ignitor switch to auto (y69), start APU (y79), engine bleed switch to off (y68), APU bleed switch to on (y74), bleed isolation valve switch to open (y76), start affected engine (y70), APU bleed switch to off (y73), engine bleed switch to auto (y77), air-conditioning packs switch to auto (y78), bleed isolation valve switch to auto (y75), anti-icing air source switch to normal position (y81), APU as required (y72), set to TA/RA in TCAS (y80)Engine starting in the air
9Airspeed is limited below 278 kt/0.7 M (y84), reset horizontal stabilizer trim disconnector 1 (y85), reset horizontal stabilizer trim disconnector 2 (y86), operate horizontal stabilizer trim actuator (y82), autopilot as required (y83)Pitch trim fault recovery
10Disconnect ATC (y88), disconnect TCAS (y90), disconnect GPS (y89), disconnect ACP (y87), TAWS switch to OFF (y65), landing gear UP (y19), thrust levers to 100% N1 and keep stable (y91)Aircraft hijacking
11No input (y92), no input (y92), no input (y92), no input (y92), no input (y92), no input (y92), no input(y92)Single-pilot incapacitation