Hybrid Differential Evolution with Biogeography-Based Optimization for Design of a Reconfigurable Antenna Array with Discrete Phase Shifters

Algorithm 4

procedure Biogeography-based optimization

Begin

   Initialize the population 𝑃 randomly and each habitat corresponding to a potential solution to the given problem

  Evaluate the fitness for each individual in 𝑃

  𝐺=1

  While the termination criteria is not satisfied do

     Sort the population from best to worst

     For each habitat, map the HSI to the number of species S, the immigration rate 𝜆, and the emigration rate𝜇

     Probabilistically use Immigration Island based on the immigration rates

     Modify the population with the migration operator shown in Habitat migration

     Update the probability for each individual

     Mutate the population with the mutation operation

     Evaluate the fitness for each individual in 𝑃

     Sort the population from best to worst

      𝐺=𝐺+1

  end while

End