Geometry-Based Channel Modelling for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication: A Review

Table 1

Summary of the main characteristics of 3D RS-GBSM channel models.

References	Category	Environment	Used geometry	Considered components	Measurements	Channel statistics
[8]	MIMO; V2V	Urban	Two-sphere model and an elliptic-cylinder	LOS, SB, DB	No	STCF, LCR, PSD, AFD
[10]	MIMO; V2V	Highway and urban	Two-sphere model and an elliptic-cylinder	LOS, SB, DB	No		STCF, FCF, PDP
[25]	MIMO; V2V	—	Two-cylinder	LOS, SB, DB	No		STCF, PSD
[54]	MIMO; V2V	Dense urban street	Multiple confocal ellipsoid	MB	No		PDF of AoD and AoA, Doppler frequency
[26]	MIMO; V2V	Tunnel	Two-cylinder and semiellipsoid	SB + DB	No		STCF, ACF, PSD
[27]	MIMO; V2V	Street	Two-ring + semiellipsoid	LOS + NLOS	No		STCF, ACF,
[28]	MIMO; V2V	Curved-street	—	SB + DB	Yes		STCF
[24]	Massive; MIMO; V2V	—	Semiellipsoid	—	No		PDF of AoD and AoA, STCF, PSD
[31]	Massive; MIMO; V2V	Crossroad	Two-ring + four-quarter cylinder	SB + DB	No		STCF, ACF,
[32]	Massive; MIMO; V2V	Urban	Semicircle and semiellipsoid	LOS, SB, DB	No		STCF, ACF
[33]	Massive; MIMO; V2V	Highway, urban, and tunnel scenarios	Dual-sphere confocal ellipsoid	LOS, SB, DB	No		ACF, spatial CCF
[34]	MIMO; UAV	—	Ellipse + elliptical cylinder	LOS + ground reflection + scattering	Yes		STCF, ACF, PSD
[35]	MIMO; UAV	Open + residential scenarios	Cylinder + multiple confocal ellipsoid models	LOS + SB + DB + ground reflection	Yes		STCF, ACF, PSD

FCF: frequency correlation function, PDP: power delay profile, CCF: cross-correlation function.