Path Loss Characterization Using Machine Learning Models for GS-to-UAV-Enabled Communication in Smart Farming Scenarios

Table 6

Comparison of the R² of the current study with those of previous works.

Ref./year	Path loss model	Wireless link	SF scenarios	R^2
Jawad et al. [8]	EXP-PSO and Poly-PSO	2.4 GHz Zigbee	Farm field	1
Abouzar et al. [30]	LNSM	2.4 GHz Zigbee	Apple orchards	0.780
Raheemah et al. [31]	New LRL method	2.4 GHz IEEE 802.15.4	Greenhouse for mangoes	0.98
This work	SVR	2.4 GHz Wi-Fi	Napier and Ruzi grass farms	0.95
This work	ANN	2.4 GHz Wi-Fi	Napier and Ruzi grass farms	0.97

EXP-PSO: exponential particle swarm optimization; POLY-PSO: polynomial PSO; LNSM: log-normal shadowing model; and LRL: linear regression line.