Approximate Crank–Nicolson Algorithm with Higher-Order PML Implementation for Plasma Simulation in Open Region Problems

Figure 7

The relative reflection error versus time obtained by (a) FDTD-PML, CNDS-PML, CNAFS-PML, HO-PML, and CNDS-HO-PML when CFLN = 1; (b) CNDS-PML, CNAFS-PML, and CNDS-HO-PML when CFLN = 16.

(a)

(b)