Research Article
A Hybrid Algorithm Based on a Modified Sine Cosine Algorithm and Least Square and Its Application to Microwave Imaging
Table 3
Optimal values of the benchmark functions.
| | F | GA | DE | PSO | MFO | GWO | SCA | Proposed algorithm |
| | F1 | 5.0726 | 9.6466 × 10−12 | 120.3183 | 6.0858 × 10−14 | 8.5943 × 10−58 | 6.6230 × 10−16 | 2.1488 × 10−71 | | F2 | 25.2404 | 1.8883 × 10−6 | 5.2907 | 1.4231 × 10−8 | 7.6446 × 10−33 | 5.1195 × 10−9 | 2.1747 × 10−35 | | F3 | 1.0249 × 103 | 7.6280 × 10−4 | 653.9996 | 0.4037 | 1.2557 × 10−30 | 1.0708 × 10−6 | 3.7612 × 10−57 | | F4 | 27.4603 | 0.0026 | 13.8358 | 0.6668 | 2.6329 × 10−19 | 7.1505 × 10−5 | 5.0888 × 10−21 | | F5 | −26.4461 | −3.6354 × 103 | −2.9342 × 103 | −3.8330 × 103 | −2.3731 × 103 | −2.0143 × 103 | −4.1898 × 103 | | F6 | 80.9664 | 16.8237 | 12.1527 | 30.8437 | 0.0000 | 9.5213 × 10−13 | 0.0000 | | F7 | 19.9361 | 2.3264 × 10−6 | 10.8616 | 1.4952 × 10−7 | 7.9936 × 10−15 | 6.6704 × 10−8 | 8.8818 × 10−16 | | F8 | 2.2488 | 0.5056 | 3.0373 | 0.1648 | 0.0610 | 2.1087 × 10−10 | 0.0000 | | F9 | 4.9505 | 0.9980 | 8.8408 | 2.9821 | 2.9821 | 0.9995 | 0.9980 | | F10 | 0.0012 | 0.0003 | 0.0216 | 0.0008 | 3.7189 × 10−4 | 7.1787 × 10−4 | 3.1038 × 10−4 |
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