A PSO-CVX Algorithm of Sum and Difference Beam Patterns for Time-Modulated Antenna Array

<table class="table-group" id="tab2"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="2"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left">Parameter name</td><td class="align_center">Parameter value</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="2"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Population size</td><td class="align_center">200</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Weight coefficient</td><td class="align_center">0.73</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Particle swimming range</td><td class="align_center"><span style="width: 24.7748ptpx;"><svg height="11.439pt" id="M95" style="vertical-align:-2.15067pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 24.7748 11.439" width="24.7748pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M290 -163V-135C183 -126 181 -122 181 -44V583C181 662 184 666 290 675V703H120V-163H290Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,4.485,0)"><path d="M248 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transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,27.56,0)"><path d="M95 130C70 130 46 113 46 88C46 72 54 64 59 64C93 55 121 33 121 -3C121 -41 93 -68 44 -88L55 -117C117 -98 186 -56 186 22C186 91 131 130 95 130Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,32.703,0)"><path d="M241 635C89 635 35 457 35 312C35 153 89 -12 240 -12C390 -12 443 166 443 312C443 466 390 635 241 635ZM238 602C329 602 354 454 354 312C354 172 330 22 240 22C152 22 124 173 124 313S148 602 238 602Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,38.943,0)"><path d="M113 -12C146 -12 170 11 170 46C170 78 146 103 114 103S58 78 58 46C58 11 82 -12 113 -12Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,41.907,0)"><path d="M384 0V27C293 34 287 42 287 114V635C232 613 172 594 109 583V559L157 557C201 555 205 550 205 499V114C205 42 199 34 109 27V0H384Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,48.147,0)"><path d="M226 -163V703H56V676C162 667 165 662 165 584V-43C165 -122 162 -126 56 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class="align_center">200</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Learning factor</td><td class="align_center"><span style="width: 76.1408ptpx;"><svg height="11.7782pt" id="M98" style="vertical-align:-3.42938pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.34882 76.1408 11.7782" width="76.1408pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M559 271C559 395 493 448 433 448C370 448 304 394 275 297C259 245 235 121 219 37C157 54 113 110 113 201C113 310 180 386 276 429L265 457C131 410 23 326 23 186C23 83 86 5 211 -10C180 -159 167 -220 158 -252L165 -261C198 -255 236 -246 251 -218L287 -5C421 9 559 119 559 271ZM484 273C484 144 400 40 293 33L352 331C364 389 382 406 405 406C431 406 484 370 484 273Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.241,3.132)"><path d="M389 0V32C297 38 291 46 291 118V635C234 613 175 595 109 583V556L161 554C203 552 207 547 207 497V118C207 46 201 38 110 32V0H389Z"></path></g><g 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<div>PSO algorithm parameter initialization.</div>

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

tab2

Table 2

Table 2: A PSO-CVX Algorithm of Sum and Difference Beam Patterns for Time-Modulated Antenna Array 