|
| | Textile antenna structure | Substrate material/conductive material | Antenna parameters | Bending effects (FS) | Body effects |
| RF (GHz) | S11 (dB) | BW (MHz) | G (dB) | E (%) |
|
| [31] | Wideband monopole:
D: 50 × 64.1 mm2;
F: 2.45 GHz | 2 mm jeans cloth/
Copper tape | Simulated | — | — |
| 2.45 | −17.2 | 667 | 3.27 | — |
|
| [32] | E-shaped patch
CPW feed structure:
D: 32 × 30 mm2;
F: 2.45 GHz | 2 mm denim cloth/
Copper foil | Simulated | — | — |
| 2.45 | −34 | 153 | 1.83 | — |
|
| [33] | Rectangular loop, CPW fed transmission line, and backside reflector:
D: 62 × 32 mm2;
F: 2.45 GHz | 1.5 mm denim fabric/
Conductive fabric | Measured | — | Presence of reflector reduces effect of human body |
| 2.47 | −17 | 285 | — | — |
|
| [34] | Centre-fed patch with a U-shape aperture:
D: 70 × 85 mm2;
F: 2.45 GHz | 6 mm felt fabric/
Copper tape | Measured | Yes | Yes |
| 2.4 | −12 | 100 | — | — |
|
| [26] | Textile planar inverted F antenna (PIFA):
D: 80 × 140 mm2;
F: 433 MHz, 2.45 GHz | 6 mm thick felt fabric/
Conductive textile sheet | Measured | — | The efficiency decreases by 10% as the radiated patch is shielded by ground |
| 2.42 | −20 | 309 | 6.1 | — |
|
| [35] | Patch antenna with slots:
D: 115 × 123 mm2;
F: 2.45 GHz | 2 mm woven cotton cloth
Zari—silver metallic yarn wrapped in silk thread | Measured | 40, 60, and 80 mm radii significant changes for various body locations | Significant changes in S11 and RF for various body locations |
| 2.4 | −28 | 500 | 7.11 | 67 |
|
| [36] | Patch antenna with a full rear ground plane:
D: 80 × 100 mm2;
F: 2.45 GHz | 1.7 mm felt fabric/
SieldIT superconductive textile | Measured | — | Changes observed |
| 2.44 | −15 | 70 | 6.33 | 61 |
|
| [37] | E-shape triband dipole antenna:
D: 80 × 80 mm2;
F: 2.4, 5.75, and 5.25 GHz | 2 mm denim fabric/
Copper tape | Measured | 30, 50, and 70 mm radii prominent changes observed | Considerable degradation observed |
| 2.45 | −18 | 100 | 1.26 | 40 |
|
| | Dipole antenna:
D: 20 × 60 mm2;
Loop antenna:
D: 75 × 80 mm2;
F: 2.4 GHz | 0.44 mm jeans cloth/
Highly flexible copper e-threads | Measured | 25, 43, 54, and 57 radii | Five body locations |
| Dipole/loop antenna |
| 2.43/2.5 | −21/−16.3 | 130/45 | 2.3/4.3 | 95/98 | Prominent/minor variations | Variations observed |
|
