Pattern Reconfigurable Antenna for VANET, Wi-Fi, and WiMAX Wireless Communication Systems

Table 3

Operating states of the proposed antenna.

Operating states	PIN diode states						Center frequency (GHz)	Simulated gain (dB)	Beam direction
	D1	D2	D3	D4	D5	D6			xy-plane	xz-plane	yz-plane
State 1	OFF	OFF	ON	ON	ON	OFF	5.82	9.57	ϕ = 0°	θ = 20°	θ = 0°
State 2	OFF	OFF	OFF	ON	ON	ON	5.82	9.57	ϕ = 60°	θ = 16°	θ = 19°
State 3	ON	OFF	OFF	OFF	ON	ON	5.82	9.57	ϕ = 120°	θ = -15°	θ = 19°
State 4	ON	ON	OFF	OFF	OFF	ON	5.82	9.57	ϕ = 180°	θ = -20°	θ = 0°
State 5	ON	ON	ON	OFF	OFF	OFF	5.82	9.57	ϕ = 240°	θ = -15°	θ = -19°
State 6	OFF	ON	ON	ON	OFF	OFF	5.82	9.57	ϕ = 300°	θ = 16°	θ = -19°