On the Design and Development of Planar Monopole Antenna for Bone Crack/Void Detection

Table 4

Comparison of the reported antenna designs with the proposed antenna.

Parameters	[8]	[9]	[10]	[11]	Proposed
Antenna type	Implantable monopole	Antipodal vivaldi	Microwave ring resonator	Microstrip patch	Planar monopole
Operating frequency (GHz)	1 to 4	0.5 to 4	2.45	2.45	2.45
Dimensions (mm × mm), (λ0 × λ0)	60 × 55, 0.2 × 0.18	100 × 50, 0.167 × 0.083	80 × 114, 0.25 × 0.45	48.7 × 55.9, 0.2 × 0.22	32 × 30, 0.128 × 0.12
Sensitivity	Moderate	Moderate	High	Low	Moderate
SAR (W/kg)	—	—	<1.6	—	<0.812
Experimental validation done	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
Requirement of an additional processing unit	No	Yes	Yes	No	No