| | Article | Year | Frequency (S/X) | Antenna element | Size W × L × T | Gain (dB) | Side lobe level (dB) | Co-polarization(S/X) | Isolation | Bandwidth | Application |
| | 1 | 1995 | 2.85 GHz/8.65 GHz | RT duroid 5880 | 38 × 8 × 0.8 mm^3 | 11.6 | NA | NA | NA | NA | SAR/GPS | | 2 | 2007 | 3.05 GHz/9.6 GHz | Multiple elements | 160 × 100 × 7.1 mm^3 | NA | −10 | −26 dB/−31 dB | −20 dB | 1.75 GHz | Radar | | 3 | 2009 | 3 GHZ/10 GHz | RT duroid 5880 | 183 × 106 × 0.13 mm^3 | 18.3 | −13 (X) No SL (S) | −20 dB/−17 dB | >25 dB | 1 GHz (S, X) | Aircraft | | 4 | 2010 | 3∼3.3 GHz/9∼11 GHz | RT duroid 5880 | 196 × 128 × 6.5 mm^3 | 10 (S) 20.3 (X) | −19 (S) −10 (X) | −21 dB/−20 dB | >15 dB | 300 MHz (S) 2 MHz (X) | Radar | | 5 | 2012 | 3.25 GHz/9.2 GHz | Taconic TLC | 28.5 × 28.5 × 2.7 mm^3 | 11 (S) 18.5 (X) | −17 (S) −10 (X) | −18 dB/−17.5 dB | >15 dB | 0.62 GHz (S) 2.7 GHz (X) | Radar | | 6 | 2017 | 2.5 GHz/8.2 GHz | RT duroid 5880, air gap | 95 × 95 × 2.5 mm^3 | 7.5 dB (S) 10.5 dB (X) | NA | −35 dB/−12 dB | 38 dB | 0.23 GHz (S) 0.8 GHz (X) | SAR | | 7 | 2017 | 2.5 GHz/8 GHz | RT duroid 5880 | 140 × 140 × 64 mm^3 | 8 dB (S) 11.5 dB (X) | NA | −8 dB/−20 dB | 30 dB | 0.18 GHz (S) 0.94 GHz (X) | Radar | | 8 | 2018 | 2.5 GHz/7 GHz | Arlon | — | 8.5 dB (S) 10.8 dB (X) | NA | NA | 32 dB | 0.59 GHz (S) 1.26 GHz (X) | Aircraft | | 9 | 2017 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | SAR | | 10 | 2017 | 3.2 GHz/9.3 GHz | RT duroid 5880 | 100 × 100 × 1.6 mm^3 | 8.4 dB (S) 10.5 dB (X) | −17.9 (S) −22.4 (v/X), −13.5 (h/X) | −20 dB/−15 dB | 30 dB | 0.3 GHz (S) 0.16 GHz (X) | SAR | | 11 | 2018 | 9.65 GHz (X) | RT duroid 5880 | 80 × 180 × 0.8 mm^3 | 19 dB | −10 (v), −22 (h) | −30 (X) | −25 dB | 0.5 GHz (X) | SAR | | 12 | 2018 | 9.65 GHz (X) | RT duroid 5880 | 60 × 60 × 1.5 mm^3 | 11.04 dB | (−27, −25) (v) (−13.3, −12.3) (h) | −30 (X) | −20 dB | 0.16 GHZ (X) | SAR | | 13 | 2019 | 21 GHz | RT duroid 5880 | 15 × 120 × 1.5 mm^3 (UAD) 15 × 100 × 0.787 mm^3 (CAD) | 15.3 dB (UAD) 17.4 dB (CAD) | 15.3 (UAD) 17.4 (CAD) | | NA | 1.1 GHz (X) | Airborne | | 14 | 2019 | 9.65 GHz | RT duroid 5880 | 50 × 80 × 1.5 mm^3 | 12.2 dB | −25.1 (E), −10.5 (H) | −31 (E), −28 (H) | NA | 0.2 GHz (X) | SAR | | 15 | 2020 | 9.65 GHz (X), 21 GHz (K) | NA | 150 × 150 × 1.6 mm^3 | 20 dB (X), 15 dB (K) | −15 dB (X), −25 dB (K) | >25 dB (X, K) | >25 dB (X, K) | 200 MHz | Airborne | | 16 | 2021 | 2.7 GHz (S), 9.7 GHz (X) | RT duroid 5880 | 125 × 125 × 8 mm^3 | 8.4 dB (S), 21.7 dB (K) | −13.7 (v/S), −14.6 (h/S), −11.8 (v/X), −11.3 (h/X) | −24 (E/S), −26.1 (H/S), −33 (E/X), −20 (H/X) | >25 dB (S, X) | 0.2 GHz (S) 0.5 GHz (X) | SAR | | 17 | 2022 | 5 GHz | RT duroid 5880 | 6.75 × 14.37 × 0.32 mm^3 | 5.9 dB | NA | NA | −21.3 | 0.16 GHz | 5 G | | 18 | 2022 | 6 GHz | NA | 30 × 30 × 1.6 mm^3 | 4.65 dB | NA | NA | −18 | 0.46 GHz 2.45 GHz | 5 G | | 19 | 2022 | 6 GHz | NA | 75 × 75 × 18.75 mm^3 | 5.44 dB | NA | NA | −11 | 2 GHz | 5 G | | 20 | 2007 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | | 21 | 2022 | 5.57 GHz | RT duroid 5880 | 160 × 70 mm^2 | 6.6–12.4 dB | −13.8 dB | NA | −30 | 0.05 GHz | 5 G | | 22 | 2014 | 1.75 GHz 3 GHz 4.5 GHz 6 GHz | FR-4 | NA | 1.35 dB 4.08 dB 4.22 dB 7.34 dB | NA | NA | −10–15 | 0.25 GHz | Wireless communication | | 23 | 2021 | Sub-6 GHz | FR-4 | 280.5 × 56.1 × 2 mm^3 | 12.95 dB | NA | NA | NA | 140 MHz | 5 G | | 24 | 2014 | 1.8 GHz | FR-4 | 90 × 90 × 1.6 mm^3 | 9.9 dB | NA | NA | −18 | 246 MHz | 4 G | | 25 | 2014 | 2.45 GHz 3.5 GHz 5.25 GHz | FR-4 | 8.8 × 9 × 1.6 mm^3 | 4.3 dB 6 dB 7.6 dB | NA | NA | −10 | 0.11 GHz 0.47 GHz 1.1 GHz | WiMAX | | 26 | 2018 | 3.2 GHz 5.5 GHz | FR-4 | 14 × 15 × 1 mm^3 | 7-8 dB | NA | NA | >−10 dB | 0.4 GHz 0.5 GHz | 5G | | 27 | 2022 | 2.6 GHz 3.5 GHz | RT duroid 5880 | NA | 11.25 dB | NA | −20 dB | >−27 dB | 0.22 GHz | 5G | | 28 | Proposed work | 3.2 GHz (S) 9.65 GHz (X) | FR-4 | 100 × 100 × 1.6 mm^3 | 7.2 dB (S) 12.4 dB (X) | −16.9 (v/S), −17.2 (h/S), −18.2 (3/X), −16.1 (4/X) −21.2 (5/X), −19.7 (6/X) | | −39.4 dB | 0.12 GHz (S) 0.27 GHz (X) | SAR |
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X = X-band frequency, S = S-band frequency, UAD = uniform amplitude distribution, CAD = chebyshev amplitude distribution, E = electric field plane, H = magnetic field plane, V = vertical polarization, H = horizontal polarization, mm = millimetre, L = length, W = width, and H = height.
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