Ultra-Wideband Fractal Ring Antenna for Biomedical Applications

Table 1

Comparative analysis among previously presented and proposed UWB antennas meant for biomedical applications.

Ref.	Dimensions		Dielectric material	εr	Frequency band (GHz)	FBW (%)	Peak gain (dBi)
	(mm^2)	(λ^2)
[34]	14.9 × 33.14	0.34 × 0.77	FR-4	4.4	3–11	114.28	4.74
[35]	50 × 60	2.9 × 3.5	Denim substrate	1.4	7-28	120	10.1
[36]	31 × 31	0.72 × 0.72	RT/Duroid 5870	2.33	3.04–11	113.39	7.5
[37]	16 × 21	0.42 × 0.55	FR-4	4.4	3.4–12.5	114.5	5.16
[38]	23.1 × 32	0.58 × 0.8	FR-4	4.6	3.1–12	117.88	3.54
[39]	29 × 27	0.87 × 0.81	FR-4	4.4	3–15	133.33	—
[40]	51 × 95	0.93 × 1.74	FR-4	4.4	1–10	163.63	—
[41]	20 × 28	0.49 × 0.69	FR-4	4.4	2.95–12	121	4
	16 × 22	0.39 × 0.54					3.6
Proposed	25 × 35	0.96 × 1.35	RT/Duroid 5880	2.2	3.2–20	144.82	5.36