Real-Time Implementation of a Novel Design Approach for Sub-GHz Long-Range Antenna for Smart Internet of Things Communication

Table 1

Comparison of the proposed antenna with other antennas published in recent years.

Reference	Design technology	Dimension (mm^2)	Substrate	Frequency	Bandwidth (MHz)	Design complexities	Gain (dB)
[6]	Meandered technology and folded	125 × 103	FR4	410 MHz	40	Design is complex as via is present	−6
[7]	PIFA design	91 × 69	PCB	868 MHz	20	Simple design	NA
[8]	Slot technique	105 × 82	FR4	433 MHz	6	Simple design with slot must be optimized	2.19
[9]	UCA design	100 × 35	FR4	868 MHz	2	Trade design cannot be used universally	−4.3
[10]	H-shaped, slotted monopole with diode tuning	60 × 27	RO-4350	868	10	Design is very complex as the diode tuning and via are present	0.96
[11]	Bow-shaped patch antenna and DGS	120 × 70	FR4	868 MHz	23	Simple design	NA
[12]	Metamaterial concept, CSRR	25 × 25	FR4	912 MHz	60	Design is complex	NA
[13]	Flexible textile, wearable antenna, dipole	150 × 110	Silver ink sheet	868 MHz	32	Design is complex	NA
[14]	Flexible substrate meandered design	85 × 169	Textile	433 MHz	30	Simple design	1.25
[15]	Power divider feed and slotted patch	90 × 90	RF35	2.4 GHz	100	Design is complex as a power divider and via is present	6.5
[16]	Circular patch, cardboard	100 × 160	Cardboard	868 MHz	50	The design is simple but cannot be used universally as it is cardboard that changes its dielectric properties after coming into a moist environment	NA
Proposed antenna	Meandering technology and dipole	55 × 55	FR4	868	11	Design is simple	0.5