Association of Socioeconomic Position and Demographic Characteristics with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Healthcare Access among Adults Living in Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia
Table 1
Selected characteristics of study sample using the 2002 STEPS FSM (Pohnpei) dataseta.
Characteristic
Male
Female
Total sample
642
996
1638
Age mean (95% CI)
39.8 (38.9–40.7)
39.5 (38.7–40.3)
39.7 (39.0–40.3)
Characteristic (measure)
(% of males)
(% of females)
(% of total)
Education (highest level completed)
Primary (<9 y)
315 (52.2)
568 (59.1)
883 (55.6)
Secondary (9–12 y)
183 (31.4)
302 (34.1)
485 (32.7)
Postsecondary (≥13 y)
99 (16.4)
57 (06.8)
156 (11.6)
Estimated annual household income
Low (<$5,000)
298 (47.5)
486 (49.3)
784 (48.4)
Middle ($5,000–$10,000)
121 (18.4)
170 (16.8)
291 (17.6)
High (>$10,000)
65 (09.1)
93 (09.1)
158 (09.1)
Unknown
158 (25.0)
247 (24.7)
405 (24.9)
Employment statusb
Paid (NA)
409 (67.7)
324 (36.1)
733 (52.3)
Unpaid (NA)
66 (09.8)
267 (29.2)
333 (19.3)
Unemployed (NA)
125 (22.5)
313 (34.6)
438 (28.4)
Behavioralc
Daily tobacco use (NA)
235 (37.7)
169 (16.7)
404 (27.3)
Fruit/vegetables (≥5 servings/day)
119 (18.7)
179 (17.6)
298 (18.2)
Physically active (≥30 min/d, 5 d/wk)
140 (27.4)
94 (11.4)
234 (19.6)
Healthcare access (NA)d
67 (09.5)
141 (13.9)
208 (11.7)
Anthropometric & biochemical
Overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 <30kg/m2)
201 (33.8)
237 (26.6)
438 (30.3)
Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2)
187 (30.1)
503 (55.9)
690 (42.7)
Central obesity (men > 94 cm; women > 80 cm)
265 (39.0)
794 (85.0)
1059 (61.3)
High BP (≥140/90 mmHg, use of BP medication in last two wk,
209 (29.3)
209 (19.2)
418 (24.3)
or self-report of HTN diagnosis in last y)
Diabetes (≥126 mg/dL, use of insulin or hypoglycemic agent in last
46 (26.8)
111 (37.7)
157 (32.6)
two wk, or self-report of diabetes diagnosis in last y)
High total cholesterol (≥200 mg/dL)
81 (50.4)
117 (44.5)
198 (47.4)
High triglyceride (≥150 mg/dL)
30 (22.5)
36 (15.3)
66 (18.8)
Low HDL (<40 mg/dL [men]; <50 mg/dL [women])
78 (53.5)
199 (86.4)
277 (70.0)
CI: confidence interval; y: year(s); d: day(s); wk: week(s); min: minute(s); BP: blood pressure; HTN: hypertension; FBG: fasting blood glucose; cm: centimeter(s); mg: milligram(s); dL: deciliter(s); mmHg: millimeters of mercury; HDL: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; size of population; size of sample; NA: not applicable.
aAll estimates are age/sex standardized to the FSM 2000 Pohnpei census. Behavioral variables are self-report; anthropometric and biochemical variables are direct measures; biochemical variables exclude nonfasting values; obesity and FBG exclude pregnant women.
b“Paid” category includes government, nongovernment, or self-employed; “unpaid” category includes retiree, volunteer, student, homemaker, or subsistence.
cDaily tobacco use includes daily use of cigarettes, cigars, pipes, or smokeless tobacco; fruit/vegetable consumption includes at least five servings fruit or vegetables/day; physically active includes ≥30 min/day moderate activity, ≥5 days/wk or ≥3 days vigorous activity (>20 min/day, or ≥600 metabolic equivalent of task-min/wk).
dHealthcare access defined as a blood glucose or BP screening or HTN diagnosis in last year.
