Burden of Helicobacter pylori Infections and Associated Risk Factors among Women of Child Bearing Age in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Table 2
Univariate analysis showing association of H. pylori infection with some associated risk factors among study participated in Woreda 9 HC, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, April to October 2015 (n=332).
Variables
HPSA positive
X2
P-value
N
n ()
Age group
16-20
42
8 (19.1)
21-25
119
33 (27.7)
26-30
95
30 (31.6)
3.670
0.453
31-35
50
18 (36.0)
36-40
26
7 (26.9)
Marital status
Single
207
17 (8.2)
0.063
0.996
Married
118
77 (65.3)
Divorced/widowed
7
2 (28.6)
Education level
Illiterate
36
7 (19.4)
Primary School
105
30 (28.6)
3.033
0.387
Secondary school
85
23 (27.1)
Higher education
106
36 (34.0)
Occupational status
Government
62
22 (35.5)
NGO
22
4 (18.2)
3.708
0.447
Private
126
35 (27.8)
house wife
114
34 (29.8)
house servant
8
1 (12.5)
Number of children (parity)
No children
62
9 (14.5)
One
57
22 (38.6)
0.437
0.933
Two
55
18 (32.7)
Three and above
21
9 (42.8)
Gestational week
1-12 week
77
26 (33.8)
13-2 4 week
81
24 (29.6)
7.879
0.069
25-40 week
37
16 (43.2)
No. of people in house hold
Two
4
2 (50.0)
Three
76
26 (34.2)
2.479
0.140
Four
138
36 (26.1)
Greater than four
114
32 (28.1)
Gravidity / no. of pregnancy
One
91
28 (30.8)
Two
61
24 (39.3)
8.314
0.140
Greater than three or equal to three
41
14 (34.1)
Pregnancy
Pregnant
195
66 (33.8)
5.589
0.020
Non pregnant
137
30 (21.9)
Habit of alcohol drinking
Yes
6
1 (16.60
No
325
95 (29.1)
0.446
0.677
Smoking habit
Yes
1
0 (0.0)
No
331
96 (29.0)
0.468
1.000
Khat chewing habit
Yes
2
0 (0.0)
0.818
1.000
No
330
96 (29.0)
Drinking coffee & tea
Yes
270
77 (28.5)
0.757
No
62
19 (30.6)
0.111
History of gastrointestinal illness
Yes
190
66 (34.7)
7.323
0.007
No
142
30 (21.1)
Hyperemesis gravidarum
Yes
145
61 (29.6)
5.259
0.001
No
50
5 (9.1)
water for drinking purpose
pipe water
331
96 (29.0)
Tanker
1
0 (0.0)
0.408
1.000
Presence of intestinal parasite
Negative
261
72 (27.6)
1.049
0.306
positive
71
24 (33.8)
Anemia status
Anemic
61
44 (72.1)
68.61
0.001
Non anemic
271
52 (19.2)
Note.Statistically significant, HPSA: H. pylori stool antigen test, and NGO: nongovernmental organization.
