Chemocatalytic Production of Lactates from Biomass-Derived Sugars

Table 3

Catalytic production of lactates from C₆ sugars and cellulose via acid-catalysis.

Entry	Substrate	Catalyst	Reaction conditions	Yield of lactates (%)	Reference
1	Glucose	SnCl4-NaOH	160°C, 2.5 h	47	[106]
	Fructose			57
	Sucrose			51
2	Fructose	InCl3·4H2O-SnCl2, NaBF4	160°C, 10 h	72	[107]
3	Glucose	ZnCl2	200°C, 3 h	47.7	[108]
	Fructose			51.7
	Sucrose			47.5
4	Sucrose	Sn-beta	160°C, 20 h	68	[109]
	Glucose			43
	Fructose			44
5	Xylose	Sn-beta	140°C, 20 h	42	[110]
6	Glucose	Sn-MCM-41	160°C, 20 h	43	[111]
7	Sucrose	K-PT-Sn-beta	170°C, 16 h	71	[112]
8	Xylose	Zr-SBA-15	240°C, 6 h	41	[113]
	Fructose			44
	Glucose			38
	Sucrose			40
9	Glucose	Hierarchical Sn-Beta	160°C, 10 h	58	[114]
10	Inulin	Sn-SBA-15	160°C, 20 h	57	[115]
11	Sucrose	Sn-beta-H	160°C, 20 h	72.1	[116]
12	Fructose	Sn-beta-9h	160°C, 10 h	47	[117]
	Mannose			39
	Sucrose			57
13	Fructose	Sn-Si-CSM-773–20.4	155°C, 20 h	17	[118]
	Glucose			32
	Sucrose			45
14	Sucrose	ZIF-8	160°C, 24 h	42	[119]
15	Glucose	γ-Al2O3	160°C, 6 h	34	[120]
16	Cellulose	SnCl2·2H2O-ZnCl2	210°C, 4 h	32.1	[121]
	Sugarcane bagasse		190°C, 6 h	31.2
17	Cellulose	Zr-SBA-15	240°C, 10 h	28.1	[113]
18	Cellulose	Zr-SBA-15	260°C, 2 h	∼33	[122]
19	Cellulose	Ga-doped Zn/H-nanozeolite Y	270°C, 5 h	57.8	[123]
	Glucose		270°C, 1 h	64.0
	Fructose		270°C, 1 h	67.3