The Production of Zeolite Y Catalyst From Palm Kernel Shell for Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit

Table 1

Chemical composition of PKSA and leached PKSA.

Chemical constituent	PKSA (%)	Treated PKSA (%)
SiO₂	42.0	50.7
Al₂O₃	6.9	4.6
Fe₂O₃	2.5	0.3
MnO	0.3	0.6
CaO	12.0	14.1
Others	36.3	29.8

Others include P₂O₅, K₂O, TiO₂, MgO, and Na₂O.