Plant-Derived Iron Nanoparticles for Removal of Heavy Metals

Table 1

Iron nanoparticles for heavy metals removal.

S. no.	Biomaterial	Name of biomaterial	Size of iron NPs	Heavy metal removal	Capacity of removal	Time taken	Miscellaneous	References
1	Seed extract	Phoenix dactylifera	68 nm	Chromium(VI)	13.4 mg/L; 90%	120 mins	Ciprofloxacin degradation	[23]
2	Leaf extract	Green tea	10.6 nm	Chromium(VI)	60 mg/L; 90.2%	60 mins	—	[24]
3		Verbascum thapsus	—	Chromium(VI)	25 mg/L; 100%	30 mins	—	[25]
4		Green tea	50–80 nm	Chromium(VI)	80 mg/L; (97.66%)	30 mins	—	[27]
5		Psidium guajava	50–90 nm	Chromium(VI)	50 mg/L; 71.34%	15 mins	—	[28]
6		Eucalyptus globules	50–80 nm	Chromium(VI)	98.1%	30 mins	—	[29]
7		Eucalyptus leaf	95 nm	Chromium(VI)	10 mg/L; 100%	8 hours max.	—	[30]
8		Eichhornia crassipes	20–80 nm	Chromium(VI)	89.9%	45 mins	—	[32]
9		Rosa damascena, Thymus vulgaris, and Urtica dioica	100 nm	Chromium(VI)	100%	30 mins	—	[33]
10		Yerba mate	15–100 nm	Chromium(VI)	80%	2 mins	—	[34]
11		Green tea	10.6 nm	Copper(II)	50 mL; 97%	240 mins	Antibacterial property	[35]
12		Green tea	10 nm	Copper(II)	23.6 mg/L; 95%	—	—	[36]
13		Eucalyptus	20–80 nm	Cr(VI), Cu(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II)	44.8%, 21.5%, 31.4%, and 10.8%, respectively	60 mins	—	[37]
14		Eucalyptus	60–80 nm	Copper(II)	52.4%	3 mins	Triclosan (TCS) removal	[38]
15		Eucalyptus	100 nm	Copper(II)	96%	60 mins	BPA removal	[40]
16		Green mulberry and oak	10–30 nm	Copper(II) and nickel(II)	1,047 mg cu/g and 777.3 mg ni/g	45 mins	—	[41]
17		Hevea brasiliensis	620 nm	Cadmium(II) and sodium	37.03 and 3.95 mg/g	15 minutes	—	[43]
18		Tridax	20–40 nm	Cadmium(II) and lead(II)	67.8%	10–15 minutes	—	[48]
19		Green tea	10 nm	Lead(II)	50 mg/L; 100%	120 mins	Rifampicin removal	[50]
20		Green tea	40–80 nm	Lead(II)	50 mg/L; 87.5%	180 mins	—	[52]
21	Plant skin extract	Red peanut	10.6 nm	Chromium(VI)	10 mg/L (98.5%)	1 min	—	[26]
22	Peel extract	Mango	—	Chromium(VI)	50 mg/L; 95.45%	10 mins	—	[31]
23		Orange peel	500 nm	Cadmium(II)	82%	A few minutes	—	[49]
24		Tangerine peel	<100 nm	Lead(II)	95%	95 mins	—	[53]
25	Floral extract	Honey-varied	150 nm	Lead(II)	17 mg/L; 100%	24 hours	—	[54]
26	Plant extract	Guar gum	40 nm	Cadmium(II)	258 mg/g	5 minutes	—	[44]
27		Oak wood and oak bark	—	Cadmium(II) and lead(II)	Pb2 +; 30.2 and Cd2+ 7.4 mg/g	24 hours	—	[46]
28	Agro waste biomass	Rubber seed shell	—	Copper(II)	48.18 mg/g	30 mins	—	[39]
29	Agriculture biomass	Sineguelas	10–70 nm	Lead(II)	90.1%	120 mins	—	[51]
30	Algae	Chlorella vulgaris	—	Cadmium(II) and lead(II)	Cd2 + 11.67 and Pb2 + 7.49 mg/L	—	—	[45]
31		Synechocystis sp. PCC6803	<2 μm	Cr(VI),; Cu(II),; Pb(II), and Cd(II)	Cr(VI)−69.77 mg/g; Pb(II)−62.63 mg/g; Cd(II)−42.12 mg/g; Cu(II)−38.68 mg/g	Cu(II)–60 mins; Cr(VI), Pb(II), Cd(II)–30 mins	—	[55]
32	Sawdust	Poplar tree	10–30 nm	Cadmium(II)	63.3 mg/g	10–50 mins	—	[42]