Biodiesel Yield and Conversion Percentage from Waste Frying Oil Using Fish Shell at Elmina as a Heterogeneous Catalyst and the Kinetics of the Reaction

Table 1

Calcination condition of fish shell compared with other CaCO₃-based natural materials and resulting specific surface areas [17, 20].

Source of catalyst	Calcination temperature (°C) and time (h)	Calcination environment	BET surface area (m^2/g)
CaCO3	900	—	6
Fish shell	950	Air	21
CaCO3	900	Air	4.3
The shell of Meretrix Venus			0.5
The shell of a golden apple snail			0.9