The Effect of Heparin and Its Preparations on Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Mortality and Hospitalization: A Systematic Review

Table 1

Clinical conditions associated with DIC.

Clinical conditions triggering DIC	Causes of DIC
Sepsis or severe infection	Potentially any microorganism but particularly gram-negative bacteria
	Viral infections (i.e., viral hemorrhagic fever)
	Malaria
	Rickettsia infection
Malignancy	Hematological malignancies (acute promyelocytic leukemia)
	Solid tumors (pancreatic, stomach, colorectal cancer, and mucin-secreting adenocarcinoma)
Trauma	Head trauma
	Severe tissue injury
	Burns
	Fat embolism
	Surgery
	Heat stroke of shock
Vascular abnormalities	Giant hemangiomas (Kasabach–Merritt syndrome)
	Aortic aneurysm
	Vasculitis
Organ destruction	Pancreatitis, severe inflammation, tissue necrosis
Obstetrical calamities	HELLP syndrome
	Amniotic fluid embolism
	Eclampsia
	Placenta previa
	Placental abruption
Liver disease	Cirrhosis
	Acute hepatic necrosis
Severe toxic or immunological reactions	Severe transfusion reactions (incompatible blood transfusion reactions)
	Snake bites (such as from those belonging to the genus Echis)
	Transplant reaction
	Graft-versus-host disease