Mediatory Effect of Inflammatory Markers (IL-1β and PAI-1) on Association of Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity and Body Composition in Overweight and Obese Women: A Cross-Sectional Study

Table 2

Description of general characteristics among tertiles of DTAC in overweight and obese women (n = 259).

Variables		T1^1	T2	T3	P value	P value
General characteristics
Age (years)		36.164 ± 8.352^2	36.235 ± 8.789	36.632 ± 8.663	0.929	0.408
Weight (kg)		80.244 ± 11.951	80.789 ± 11.017	80.335 ± 13.614	0.952	0.548
Height (cm)		161.305 ± 6.712	161.029 ± 5.771	161.436 ± 5.674	0.903	0.515
Physical activity (MET-minutes/week)		1127.953 ± 2383.966	856.414 ± 749.660	1518.205 ± 2328.981	0.122	0.098
Blood pressure
SBP (mm Hg)		111.759 ± 13.018	109.518 ± 13.211	110.768 ± 13.585	0.553	0.563
DBP (mm Hg)		78.036 ± 8.792	76.096 ± 9.144	76.926 ± 9.452	0.391	0.306
Blood parameters
FBS (mg/dl)		87.690 ± 9.161^a	87.385 ± 10.087	86.773 ± 0.780	0.843	0.014
TC (mg/dl)		184.422 ± 36.502	185.757 ± 36.735	183.053 ± 36.333	0.906	0.239
TG (mg/dl)		0.395 ± 0.491	0.337 ± 0.475	0.298 ± 0.460	0.408	0.487
HDL (mg/dl)		47.352 ± 10.482	46.828 ± 11.678^b	46.666 ± 11.815	0.931	0.015
LDL (mg/dl)		94.732 ± 25.124	95.071 ± 23.936	92.560 ± 22.744	0.789	0.208
Inflammatory markers
PAI-1 (mg/L)		18.191 ± 33.876	12.006 ± 21.512	19.364 ± 35.514	0.461	0.283
IL-1β (mg/L)		2.636 ± 1.135	2.551 ± 0.724	2.825 ± 0.852	0.616	0.577
Qualitative variables
Marital status	Single	15 (25.900)^3	22 (37.900)	21 (36.200)	0.417	0.302
	Married	70 (35.000)	64 (32.000)	66 (33.00)
Education level	Illiterate	1 (33.300)	2 (66.700)	0 (0.000)	0.221	0.798
	Diploma and lower	11 (28.900)	9 (23.700)	18 (47.400)
	Academic	73 (33.600)	75 (34.600)	69 (31.800)
Economic status	Very weak	11 (39.300)	6 (21.400)	11 (39.300)	0.822	0.272
	Weak	40 (34.200)	41 (35.000)	36 (30.800)
	Medium	29 (31.900)	31 (34.100)	31 (34.100)
	Good	2 (22.200)	3 (33.300)	4 (44.400)
Supplementation	Yes	42 (35.000)	39 (32.500)	39 (32.500)	0.942	0.727
	No	31 (36.000)	26 (30.200)	29 (33.700)
Occupation	Unemployed	45 (36.000)	41 (32.800)	39 (31.200)	0.616	0.090
	Employed	21 (29.600)	24 (33.800)	26 (36.600)

DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DTAC, dietary total antioxidant capacity; FBS, fasting blood sugar; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; IL-1β, interleukin-1β; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; PAI-1, type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride. 1, T1: <837.305(n = 86), T2: 837.305–1287.032 (n = 86), T3: <1287.032(n = 87). 2, Mean ± SD. 3, the numbers inside the pessary represent the percentage. ^a Significant difference between tertiles 1 and 3. ^b Significant difference between tertiles 2 and 3. P values result from ANOVA test, for categorical variables. P value result from Chi-Square Tests, P value reported after adjusting total energy intake, physical activity, and age with ANCOVA for categorical variables. P value result from Univariate Tests. P value<0.05 is considered as a significance level. After adjustment the confounders, the significant mean difference between the variables and DTAC is shown in bold.