Review Article
The Effect of Short Sleep Duration on the Development of Asthma
Table 1
Risk factors related to asthma control, exacerbations, and death.
| (A) Risk factors related to asthma control | Irrational drug use | Exposures (smoking, allergen exposure, and air pollution) | Low lung function (especially FEV 1 < 60%) | Rhinitis | Rhinosinusitis | Gastroesophageal reflux | Obesity | Obstructive sleep apnea | Major psychological or socioeconomic problems (depression and anxiety) | Confirmed food allergy | Type 2 inflammation | History of asthma exacerbations |
| (B) Risk factors related to asthma exacerbations | Viral respiratory infections | Allergen exposure | Food allergy | Outdoor air pollution | Seasonal changes | Poor adherence to ICS | Epidemics of severe asthma exacerbations |
| (C) Risk factors related to asthma deaths | A history of near-fatal asthma requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation | Hospitalization or emergency care visit for asthma in the past year | Currently using or having recently stopped using oral corticosteroids | Not currently using inhaled corticosteroids | Overuse of SABAs | Major psychiatric disease or psychosocial problems (depression and anxiety) | Poor adherence to asthma medications | Food allergy in a patient with asthma |
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The contents of the table are in references to GINA 2020.
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