Sarcopenia and Mortality Risk of Patients with Sepsis: A Meta-Analysis

Table 1

Characteristics of the included studies.

Study

Design

Country

Clinical setting

Diagnostic criteria for sepsis

Sample size

Mean age (years)

Male (%)

Diagnosis of sarcopenia

Cutoff

Patients with sarcopenia at baseline

Follow-up duration

Variables adjusted

NOS

Shibahashi [16]

RC

Japan

ICU

Sepsis-3

150

75

69

SMA (CT)

<45.2 cm^2 for male and <39.0 cm^2 for female

83

Within hospitalization

Age, sex, and APACHE II score

8

Lee [19]

RC

Korea

ED

Sepsis-3

274

70.9

46

SMI (CT)

<545 mm^2/m^2 for male and <385 mm^2/m^2 for female

77

28 days and 6 months

Age, sex, comorbidities, CRP, PCT, site of infection, and SOFA

8

Koga [18]

RC

Japan

ICU

Sepsis-3

191

71.8

66

SMA (CT)

<80% of predicted value

91

Within hospitalization

Age and sex

7

Ji [17]

RC

China

ICU

Sepsis-2

236

67.8

58.9

SMI (CT)

<40.8 cm^2/m^2 for male and <34.9 cm^2/m^2 for female

114

30 days

Age, sex, use of vasopressor, mixed organism, and APACHE II score or SOFA score

8

Lucidi [20]

RC

Italy

ICU

Sepsis-1

74

49.7

75.7

MAMC

<95% of predicted value

32

Within hospitalization

Age, sex, comorbidities, BUN, SCr, and serum albumin

7

Kim [9]

RC

Korea

ICU

Sepsis-3

516

68.6

67.5

SMI (CT)

<55 cm^2/m^2 for male and <39 cm^2/m^2 for female

421

Within hospitalization and 12 months

Age, sex, RRT, use of vasopressor, CCI, and SOFA score

9

Kim [19]

RC

Korea

ED

Sepsis-3

478

65

62.1

SMI (CT)

<43 cm^2/m^2 for a BMI <25 kg/m^2, <53 cm^2/m^2 for a BMI of 25 kg/m^2 or more for male, and <41 cm^2/m^2 regardless of the BMI for female

419

3 months

Age, sex, comorbidities, site of infection, and SOFA score

8

Seo [23]

RC

Korea

ED

Sepsis-3

175

65

62.9

SMI (CT)

<43 cm^2/m^2 for a BMI <25 kg/m^2, <53 cm^2/m^2 for a BMI of 25 kg/m^2 or more for male, and <41 cm^2/m^2 regardless of the BMI for female

151

28 days

Age, sex, comorbidities, serum lactate, and SOFA score

7

Okada [25]

RC

Japan

ICU

Sepsis-3

255

76

66.3

SMI (CT)

T3 : T1 of psoas index

85

Within hospitalization, 3 months, and 12 months

Age, sex, infection site, CCI, and SOFA score

9

Cox [24]

PC

USA

ICU

Sepsis-3

47

53.1

29.8

SMI (CT)

<52.4 cm^2/m^2 for male and <38.5 cm^2/m^2 for female

23

Within hospitalization and 12 months

Age, sex, CCI, and severity of sepsis

8

PC, prospective cohort; RC, retrospective cohort; NOS, Newcastle–Ottawa Scale; ED, emergency department; ICU, intensive care unit; SMI, skeletal muscle index; SMA, skeletal muscle area; MAMC, midarm muscle circumference; CT, computed tomography; BMI, body mass index; APACHE II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation 2; CRP, C-reactive protein; PCT, procalcitonin; T, tertile; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; RRT, renal replacement therapy; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; SCr, serum creatinine.