Treatment of Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy for Moderate or Severe Proteinuria: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis

Table 1

Characteristics of the included studies on the comparison of different therapies.

Study	Country	Study design	Study duration (mo)		Interventions	Sample size	Male	Age (y)	Proteinuria baseline
			Treatment	Follow-up
Coggins [17]	America	RCT	12	36	T: steroids; C: NIAT	T: 34 C: 38	T: 22 C: 20	NA	T: 9.4 ± 6 C: 8.3 ± 4
Cattran et al. [18]	America	RCT	6	17	T: steroids C:steroids + CsA	T: 23 C: 28	T: 16 C: 26	T: 49 ± 14 C: 47 ± 11	T: 8.8 ± 4.7 C: 9.7 ± 5.3
Medrano et al. [4]	Spain	Prospective cohort study	6	12	T: steroids + CYC; C: TAC + RTX	T: 26 C: 53	T: 18 C: 31	T: 51.8 ± 17.3 C: 51.1 ± 14.2	T: 11.9 ± 4.7 C: 12.3 ± 3.6
Peng et al. [20]	China	Prospective cohort study	6	3	T: steroids + TAC; C: steroids + CYC; c: steroid + MMF	T: 30 C: 30 C: 30	T: 17 C: 16 c: 14	T: 43.9 ± 13.2 C: 40.8 ± 13.34 c: 39.9 ± 14.3	T: 11.7 ± 3.2 C: 11.9 ± 1.5 c: 12.1 ± 3.7
Dahan et al. [21]	France	RCT	6	18	T: RTX; C: NIAT	T: 37 C: 38	T: 28 C: 24	T: 52.6 ± 16.2 C: 55.0 ± 16.2	NA
Li et al. [39]	China	RCT	6	6	T: steroids + TAC; C: steroids + CsA	T: 16 C: 15	T: 12 C: 13	T: 39.4 ± 8.8 C: 42.8 ± 8.1	T: 9.5 ± 1.9 C: 9.7 ± 2.5
van den Brand et al. [22]	Netherlands	Retrospective cohort study	6	40	T: RTX; C: steroids + CYC	T: 100 C: 103	T: 72 C: 76	T: 51.5 ± 15.9 C: 55.3 ± 12.7	NA
Choi et al. [23]	Korea	RCT	6	12	T:steroids + MMF C:steroids + CsA	T: 21 C: 18	T: 16 C: 9	T: 57.7 ± 10.0 C: 52.7 ± 10.9	T: 8.9 ± 5.9 C: 8.4 ± 3.5
Fervenza et al. [19]	America	RCT	12	24	T: RTX; C: CsA	T: 65 C: 65	T: 47 C: 53	T: 51.9 ± 12.6 C: 52.2 ± 12.4	T: 9.4 ± 4.4 C: 9.5 ± 4.7
Fenoglio et al. [24]	Italy	Case-control study	6	24	T: RTX; C: RTX; c: steroids + CYC	T: 14 C: 14 c: 14	T: 9 C: 9 c: 8	T: 64.4 ± 10.8 C: 61.4 ± 11.5 c: 67.1 ± 17.5	T: 7.5 ± 4.8 C: 5.1 ± 1.4 c: 8.3 ± 4.8
Ferna´ndez-Jua´rez et al. [25]	Italy	RCT	9	18	T: steroids + CYC; C: TAC + RTX	T: 43 C: 43	T: 24 C: 31	T: 56.2 ± 12.0 C: 55.2 ± 10.8	T: 7.9 ± 5.0 C: 8.6 ± 3.8
Alexopoulos et al. [26]	Greece	Prospective cohort study	12	26	T: steroids + CsA; C: CsA	T: 31 C: 20	T: 19 C: 12	T: 56.0 ± 12.0 C: 61.0 ± 13.0	T: 5.1 ± 2.5 C: 4.9 ± 1.5
Jha et al. [27]	India	RCT	6	120	T: NIAT; C: steroids + CYC	T: 53 C: 51	T: 27 C: 30	T: 37.2 ± 12.4 C: 38.0 ± 13.6	T: 5.9 ± 2.2 C: 6.1 ± 2.5
Nayagam et al. [28]	India	Prospective cohort study	6	18	T:steroids + MMF C:steroids + CYC	T: 11 C: 10	T:8 C:7	T:30.2 ± 12.6 C:33.1 ± 12.4	NA
Chen et al. [29]	China	RCT	6	12	T: steroids + TAC; C: steroids + CYC	T: 39 C: 34	T: 23 C: 18	T: 47.2 ± 11.9 C: 48.6 ± 11.6	T: 7.7 ± 3.9 C: 7.3 ± 3.9
Kosmadakis et al. [30]	Greece	RCT	9	12	T: steroids + CsA; C: steroids + CYC; c: NIAT	T: 10 C: 8; c: 10	T: 8 C: 4 c: 5	T: 50.5 ± 4.9 C: 55.4 ± 2.8 c: 51.8 ± 5.4	T: 6.6 ± 1.0 C: 7.0 ± 0.7 c: 5.2 ± 0.8
Shin et al. [31]	Korea	Retrospective cohort study	6	57	T: steroids + CsA; C: NIAT; c: steroids	T: 50 C: 57; c: 72	T: 25; C: 30; c: 47	T: 52.8 ± 13.9 C: 57.5 ± 11.1 c: 51.36 ± 18.0	T: 7.6 ± 4.1 C: 6.9 ± 3.7 c: 7.9 ± 5.16
He et al. [32]	China	RCT	6	12	T: steroids + CYC; C: steroids + TAC	T: 28 C:28	T: 19; C: 20	T: 47.2 ± 13.4 C: 45.4 ± 11.5	T: 6.4 ± 2.2 C: 6.8 ± 2.3
Xu et al. [33]	China	RCT	9	18	T: steroids + CYC; C: steroids + TAC	T: 52 C: 48	T: 30; C: 31	T: 57.8 ± 14.8 C: 56.3 ± 13.2	T: 5.1 ± 2.2 C: 5.4 ± 2.5
Li et al. [34]	China	RCT	6	14	T: CsA; C: steroids + CsA	T: 14 C: 13	T: 10; C: 10	T: 75.1 ± 8.2 C: 74.8 ± 7.9	T: 7.2 ± 3.4 C: 7.5 ± 3.8
Ramachandran et al. [35]	India	RCT	6	12	T: steroids + TAC; C: steroids + CYC	T: 35 C: 35	T: 27; C: 20	T: 38.7 ± 1.9 C: 40.8 ± 10.6	T: 6.8 ± 3.6 C: 5.4 ± 2.7
Omrani et al. [40]	Iran	RCT	6	NA	T: steroids + TAC; C: steroids + CsA	T: 34 C: 34	T: 13; C: 16	T: 39.4 ± 13.5 C: 36.2 ± 14.3	T: 3.9 ± 1.1 C: 3.9 ± 1.5
Liang et al. [36]	China	RCT	12	10	T: steroids + CYC; C: TAC	T: 28 C: 30	T: 9; C: 16	T: 53.9 ± 10.4 C: 48.2 ± 13.5	T: 6.9 ± 2.2 C: 5.9 ± 2.7
Li et al. [37]	China	Retrospective cohort study	6	6	T: steroids + CYC; C: steroids + CsA	T: 23 C: 24	T: 16; C: 13	T: 43.0 ± 12.0 C: 42.0 ± 15.0	T: 7.6 ± 6.1 C: 5.8 ± 3.7
Scolari et al. [38]	Italy	RCT	6	30	T: RTX; C: steroids + CYC	T: 37 C: 37	T: 37; C: 37	T: 54 .0 ± 14.0 C: 54.0 ± 17.0	T: 6.7 ± 4.6 C: 6.7 ± 3.1

mo, monthy, years; T, treatment group; C, control group 1; c, control group 2; RTX, rituximab; RCT, randomized controlled trial; CsA, cyclosporin A; CYC, cyclophosphamide; TAC, tacrolimus; NIAT, nonimmunosuppressive antiproteinuric treatment; MMF, mycophenolate mofetil; NA, not available. The data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation.