The Association between Energy-Adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index, Body Composition, and Anthropometric Indices in COVID-19-Infected Patients: A Case-Control Study in Shiraz, Iran
Table 1
Characteristics of participants, COVID-19 case-control study nested within the Cohort Study of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS), 2017–2021.
Characteristics
Cases (n = 133)
Controls (n = 322)
value
Age, (year), mean (SD)
40.13 (7.02)
40.36 (6.56)
0.44
Weight (kg), mean (SD)
74.30 (14.62)
73.46 (13.69)
0.56
Height (cm), mean (SD)
164.74 (8.22)
165.64 (9.24)
0.39
BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD)
27.27 (4.34)
26.72 (4.11)
0.23
FFM, kg, mean (SD)
47.96 (10.41)
48.15 (10.95)
0.98
SMM, kg, mean (SD)
26.53 (6.20)
26.62 (6.59)
0.95
BFM, kg, mean (SD)
25.79 (9.44)
25.01 (8.14)
0.52
Circumference of abdomen, cm, mean (SD)
94.32 (12.29)
93.66 (10.91)
0.60
Circumference of hip, cm, mean (SD)
100.10 (7.01)
99.51 (6.59)
0.44
WHR, mean (SD)
0.93 (0.06)
0.93 (0.05)
0.73
VFA, mean (SD)
125.09 (49.89)
121.11 (43.50)
0.54
Gender, N (%)
0.28
Female
78 (58.6)
171 (53.1)
Male
55 (41.4)
151 (46.9)
Marital status, N (%)
0.62
Yes
112 (84.2)
265 (82.3)
No
21 (15.8)
57 (17.7)
Smoking habits, N (%)
0.45
Nonsmoker
116 (87.2)
272 (84.5)
Smoker
17 (12.8)
50 (15.5)
Educational level, N (%)
0.001
Under diploma and diploma degree
7 (5.3)
46 (14.3)
Postdiploma and bachelor’s degree
28 (21.1)
91 (28.3)
Master’s and Ph.D. degree
98 (73.7)
185 (57.5)
Ethnicity, N (%)
0.14
Fars
106 (79.7)
262 (81.4)
Lor
9 (6.8)
20 (6.2)
Turk
9 (6.8)
30 (9.3)
Others
9 (6.8)
10 (3.1)
Independent sample t-test and independent Mann–Whitney U test were used for continuous variables, Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test were used for categorical variables. SD: standard deviation; N: number; kg: kilograms; BMI: body mass index; FFM: fat-free mass; SMM: skeletal muscle mass; BFM: body fat mass; WHR: waist-to-hip ratio; VFA: visceral fat area.
