The Impact of Telemonitoring on Improving Glycemic and Metabolic Control in Previously Lost-to-Follow-Up Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Single-Center Interventional Study in the United Arab Emirates

Table 3

Results of center-based measures of T2DM indicators at baseline and after three months.

Clinical characteristics (mean ± SD)	N	Baseline	N	3 months	N with both measures	Difference (95% CI) 3 months–baseline	value
Bodyweight/Composition (mean ± SD)
Weight (kg)	37	92.3 (19.8)	37	90.9 (19.7)	36	−1.3 (−2.5–−0.08)	0.037
Fat percent (%)	37	47.7 (10.5)	33	47.7 (9.8)	32	−0.7 (−2.0–0.60)	0.276
Muscle percent (%)	37	48.9 (9.8)	33	48.9 (9.1)	32	0.65 (−0.56–1.85)	0.286
Water percent (%)	37	39.2 (7.4)	33	39.1 (6.9)	32	0.52 (−0.43–1.5)	0.270
Bone weight (kg)	37	3.8 (4.3)	33	3.1 (1.05)	32	−0.82 (−2.5–0.9)	0.331
Spirometry Measurement (mean ± SD)
FVC (L)	36	2.2 (0.78)	37	2.1 (0.73)	35	−0.04 (−0.28–0.2)	0.768
FEV1 (L)	36	1.8 (0.78)	37	1.8 (0.65)	35	−0.007 (−0.22–0.2)	0.947
PEF (L/S)	36	4.8 (2.5)	37	4.8 (2.5)	35	−0.13 (−0.9–0.6)	0.727
FEV1%	36	84.6 (20.9)	37	86.4 (17.1)	35	1.04 (−8.2–10.3)	0.821
FEF25%	36	4.0 (2.3)	37	4.2 (2.2)	35	0.05 (−0.7–0.8)	0.907
FEF75%	36	1.9 (1.0)	37	1.8 (0.94)	35	−0.11 (−0.3–0.1)	0.313
FEF25-75%	36	3.0 (1.5)	37	2.9 (1.6)	35	−0.09 (−0.5–0.4)	0.683
Blood Tests (mean ± SD)
FBG (mg/dl)	26	192.2 (61.4)	31	147.9 (40.3)	20	−40.1 (−70.8–−9.3)	0.013
RBG (mg/dl)	32	199.5 (66.4)	25	171.3 (83.3)	21	−40.8 (−84.7–3.2)	0.067
Hemoglobin (g/dl)	35	13.5 (3.0)	37	14.2 (2.0)	34	0.6 (−0.24–1.5)	0.148
Uric acid (mg/dl)	35	6.2 (3.0)	37	6.3 (1.9)	34	0.08 (−0.9–1.04)	0.863
Total cholesterol (mg/dl)	34	154.7 (31.9)	37	134.5 (26.4)	33	−20.6 (−33.9–−7.3)	0.003
HDL-C (mg/dl)	34	41.3 (15.7)	37	43.4 (17.9)	33	2.9 (−4.3–10.2)	0.412
LDL-C (mg/dl)	32	87.5 (26.4)	37	67.2 (22.99)	31	−18.4 (-29.5–−7.3)	0.002
Triglycerides (mg/dl)	34	128.9 (87.0)	37	131 (77.0)	33	−9.0 (−37.3–19.2)	0.520
Serum creatinine (mg/dl)	35	0.99 (0.4)	37	1.17 (0.26)	34	0.16 (−0.005–0.300)	0.056
Urine Tests (mean ± SD)
Glucose (μmol/L)	37	33.6 (25.6)	38	41.05 (23.8)	37	7.0 (−2.2–16.3)	0.131
Bilirubin (μmol/L)	37	10.0 (15.9)	38	11.6 (17.3)	37	1.9 (−5.9–9.6)	0.628
Specific gravity	37	1.02 (0.008)	38	1.02 (0.009)	37	0. (−0.008–0.0)	0.027
Ketones (μmol/L)	37	0.04 (0.25)	38	0	37	−0.04 (−0.12–0.04)	0.324
Occult blood (μmol/L)	37	0	38	6.58 (40.6)	37	6.7 (−6.9–20.5)	0.324
Proteins (μmol/L)	37	0.34 (0.70)	38	0.34 (0.62)	37	0.007 (−0.25–0.26)	0.955
Urobilinogen (μmol/L)	37	3.3 (0)	38	3.2 (0.54)	37	−0.09 (−0.27–0.09)	0.324
Nitrites (μmol/L)	37	0.49 (2.96)	38	0	37	−0.486 (−1.5–0.50)	0.324
Leukocytes (cells/μl)	37	13.9 (82.2)	38	0	37	−13.9 (−41.3–13.5)	0.310
Vitamin C (μmol/L)	37	0.016 (0.10)	38	0.2 (0.93)	37	0.19 (−0.13–0.5)	0.235
Ph	37	5.95 (0.23)	38	5.89 (0.4)	37	−0.05 (−0.19–0.08)	0.422
ECG measurement (%Normal)							—
P wave	37	100	37	100		—
PR interval	37	100	37	100		—
QRS complex	37	100	37	100		—
ST segment	37	100	37	100		—
T wave	37	100	37	100		—
QT interval	37	100	37	100		—