Overall Q1 (3.98–14.00) Q2 (14.00–17.10) Q3 (17.10–28.66) N 8852 2937 2967 2948 Characteristic ethnicity (%) Other 2776 (31.4%) 868 (29.6%) 936 (31.5%) 972 (33.0%) 0.018 White 6076 (68.6%) 2069 (70.4%) 2031 (68.5%) 1976 (67.0%) Age (year) 67.00 (55.00, 78.00) 71.00 (60.00, 81.00) 68.00 (57.00, 79.00) 61.00 (46.00, 73.00) <0.001 Sex, n (%) Female 4007 (45.3%) 1691 (57.6%) 1400 (47.2%) 916 (31.1%) <0.001 Male 4845 (54.7%) 1246 (42.4%) 1567 (52.8%) 2032 (68.9%) Pregnant (%) No 8006 (90.4%) 2603 (88.6%) 2691 (90.7%) 2712 (92.0%) <0.001 Yes 846 (9.6%) 334 (11.4%) 276 (9.3%) 236 (8.0%) Abrosia (%) No 20 (0.2%) 7 (0.2%) 8 (0.3%) 5 (0.2%) 0.71 Yes 8832 (99.8%) 2930 (99.8%) 2959 (99.7%) 2943 (99.8%) Dialysis (%) No 4601 (52.0%) 1544 (52.6%) 1563 (52.7%) 1494 (50.7%) 0.224 Yes 4251 (48.0%) 1393 (47.4%) 1404 (47.3%) 1454 (49.3%) Ventilation (%) No 928 (10.5%) 259 (8.8%) 229 (7.7%) 440 (14.9%) <0.001 Yes 7924 (89.5%) 2678 (91.2%) 2738 (92.3%) 2508 (85.1%) Vital signs Heart rate (beats/minute) 86.00 (76.50, 97.50) 86.50 (77.00, 98.50) 85.50 (76.50, 96.50) 85.00 (75.50, 97.00) <0.001 MBP (mmHg) 79.00 (72.50, 86.00) 77.00 (70.50, 85.00) 78.50 (73.00, 85.50) 80.50 (74.00, 88.50) <0.001 Respiratory rate (breath/minute) 19.50 (17.00, 22.25) 20.00 (17.50, 23.00) 19.50 (17.00, 22.00) 19.50 (17.00, 22.00) <0.001 Temperature (°C) 36.84 (0.62) 36.81 (0.63) 36.82 (0.57) 36.90 (0.64) <0.001 SpO2 (%) 96.50 (95.00, 97.50) 96.00 (95.00, 97.50) 96.50 (95.00, 97.50) 96.50 (95.00, 97.50) 0.194 Scoring systems OASIS 34.00 (28.00, 40.00) 35.00 (29.00, 41.00) 34.00 (28.00, 40.00) 32.00 (26.00, 38.00) <0.001 SAPSII 35.00 (27.00, 44.00) 37.00 (30.00, 46.00) 35.00 (28.00, 44.00) 31.00 (24.00, 41.00) <0.001 LODS 5.00 (4.00, 8.00) 6.00 (4.00, 9.00) 5.00 (4.00, 8.00) 5.00 (3.00, 7.00) <0.001 SOFA 5.00 (3.00, 7.00) 5.00 (3.00, 8.00) 5.00 (3.00, 7.00) 4.00 (3.00, 7.00) <0.001 GCS 13.00 (10.00, 14.00) 13.00 (9.00, 14.00) 13.00 (10.00, 14.00) 13.00 (9.00, 14.00) 0.677 Comorbidities, n (%) Myocardial infarction No 7328 (82.8%) 2388 (81.3%) 2467 (83.1%) 2473 (83.9%) 0.026 Yes 1524 (17.2%) 549 (18.7%) 500 (16.9%) 475 (16.1%) Congestive heart failure No 6609 (74.7%) 1957 (66.6%) 2214 (74.6%) 2438 (82.7%) <0.001 Yes 2243 (25.3%) 980 (33.4%) 753 (25.4%) 510 (17.3%) Peripheral vascular disease No 7895 (89.2%) 2543 (86.6%) 2635 (88.8%) 2717 (92.2%) <0.001 Yes 957 (10.8%) 394 (13.4%) 332 (11.2%) 231 (7.8%) Chronic pulmonary disease No 6553 (74.0%) 1993 (67.9%) 2196 (74.0%) 2364 (80.2%) <0.001 Yes 2299 (26.0%) 944 (32.1%) 771 (26.0%) 584 (19.8%) Diabetes No 8477 (95.8%) 2779 (94.6%) 2828 (95.3%) 2870 (97.4%) <0.001 Yes 375 (4.2%) 158 (5.4%) 139 (4.7%) 78 (2.6%) Paraplegia No 8652 (97.7%) 2859 (97.3%) 2913 (98.2%) 2880 (97.7%) 0.095 Yes 200 (2.3%) 78 (2.7%) 54 (1.8%) 68 (2.3%) Laboratory parameters Calcium (mg/dL) 8.25 (7.80, 8.70) 8.10 (7.70, 8.50) 8.20 (7.80, 8.60) 8.45 (8.00, 8.90) <0.001 Potassium (mmol/L) 4.15 (3.90, 4.50) 4.20 (3.90, 4.55) 4.20 (3.90, 4.50) 4.15 (3.85, 4.45) 0.002 Sodium (mmol/L) 138.50 (136.50, 141.00) 139.00 (136.00, 141.00) 138.50 (136.50, 140.50) 139.00 (137.00, 141.00) 0.138 Glucose (mg/dL) 127.00 (108.50, 153.00) 126.50 (107.00, 152.50) 127.00 (109.00, 152.50) 128.00 (110.00, 154.62) 0.004 Hematocrit (%) 32.60 (28.85, 36.71) 27.85 (25.90, 30.10) 32.20 (30.15, 34.45) 38.05 (35.40, 40.95) <0.001 PLT (109 /L) 193.00 (145.50, 255.50) 192.00 (136.50, 281.50) 182.00 (139.00, 241.50) 202.50 (161.00, 253.00) <0.001 Hemoglobin (g/L) 21.60 (19.10, 24.50) 18.20 (16.80, 19.50) 21.50 (20.30, 22.80) 25.60 (24.00, 27.50) <0.001 RDW (109 /L) 13.90 (13.10, 15.00) 15.30 (14.20, 16.70) 13.80 (13.20, 14.50) 13.20 (12.70, 13.72) <0.001 Chloride (mmol/L) 105.50 (102.00, 108.50) 105.50 (101.50, 109.00) 106.00 (102.50, 108.50) 105.00 (102.00, 107.00) <0.001 PT (seconds) 13.85 (12.55, 15.50) 14.60 (13.15, 16.65) 13.90 (12.70, 15.38) 13.10 (12.00, 14.45) <0.001 WBC (109 /L) 12.00 (9.10, 15.60) 11.70 (8.70, 15.40) 12.05 (9.20, 15.62) 12.25 (9.40, 15.70) <0.001 Anion gap (mmol/L) 13.00 (11.50, 15.50) 13.00 (11.00, 15.00) 13.00 (11.00, 15.00) 14.00 (12.00, 16.00) <0.001 Bicarbonate (mmol/L) 23.67 (4.32) 23.69 (4.79) 23.72 (4.11) 23.61 (4.02) 0.584 Bun (mg/dL) 16.50 (12.50, 24.00) 19.00 (13.00, 29.50) 16.50 (12.50, 22.50) 15.50 (12.00, 21.00) <0.001 Creatinine (mEq/L) 0.90 (0.70, 1.15) 0.90 (0.70, 1.20) 0.85 (0.70, 1.10) 0.90 (0.75, 1.10) <0.001 INR 1.25 (1.10, 1.40) 1.30 (1.20, 1.50) 1.25 (1.15, 1.40) 1.20 (1.10, 1.30) <0.001 Treatment, n (%) Norepinephrine No 6926 (78.2%) 2094 (71.3%) 2360 (79.5%) 2472 (83.9%) <0.001 Yes 1926 (21.8%) 843 (28.7%) 607 (20.5%) 476 (16.1%) Vasopressin No 8239 (93.1%) 2663 (90.7%) 2770 (93.4%) 2806 (95.2%) <0.001 Yes 613 (6.9%) 274 (9.3%) 197 (6.6%) 142 (4.8%) ICU death, n (%) 0.08 (0.27) 0.11 (0.31) 0.07 (0.25) 0.06 (0.24) <0.001 No 8159 (92.2%) 2618 (89.1%) 2766 (93.2%) 2775 (94.1) <0.001 Yes 693 (7.8%) 319 (10.9%) 201 (6.8%) 201 (5.9%)
