Different Oral Antithrombotic Therapy for the Treatment of Ventricular Thrombus: An Observational Study from 2010 to 2019

Table 3

Main results of Cox proportional hazards regression analysis^†.

Variable	Univariable		Multivariable^‡
	HR (95% CI)	value	HR (95% CI)	value
Treatments
NOACs versus VKAs	2.28 (1.57, 3.31)	<0.001	2.13 (1.41, 3.22)	<0.001
NOACs versus antiplatelet therapy	2.92 (1.97, 4.33)	<0.001	2.55 (1.53, 4.27)	<0.001
VKAs versus antiplatelet therapy	1.28 (0.90, 1.82)	0.167	1.20 (0.76, 1.90)	0.440
Demography
Age	0.98 (0.97, 0.99)	<0.0001	—	—
Male (versus women)	0.69 (0.48, 0.98)	0.036	—	—
Presenting diagnosis
ICM (versus DCM)	0.69 (0.45, 1.04)	0.098	—	—
ICM (versus HCM)	1.42 (0.44, 4.54)	0.558	—	—
ICM (versus others^§)	0.66 (0.42, 1.01)	0.057	—	—
DCM (versus HCM)	2.07 (0.64, 6.69)	0.226	—	—
Prior medical history
Coronary artery disease	0.61 (0.45, 0.82)	0.001	—	—
Atrial fibrillation	0.80 (0.46, 1.39)	0.431	—	—
Heart failure	1.50 (1.11, 2.02)	0.008	—	—
Hypertension	0.82 (0.60, 1.12)	0.217	—	—
Hyperlipidemia	0.76 (0.57, 1.03)	0.076	—	—
Locations of ventricular thrombus			—	—
Left ventricular (versus right ventricular)	1.14 (0.60, 2.16)	0.690	—	—
Number of ventricular thrombi			—	—
1 (versus ≥ 2)	0.93 (0.54, 1.60)	0.790	—	—
LVEF	0.99 (0.98, 0.999)	0.032	—	—
D-Dimer	0.94 (0.88, 0.999)	0.047	—	—
Combined medications			—	—
Parenteral anticoagulants	0.79 (0.58, 1.07)	0.132	—	—
Antiplatelet therapy	0.82 (0.57, 1.19)	0.300	—	—

^†In the Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, the end point was thrombus resolution in patients with VT within 12 months’ follow-up. ^‡Adjusted for age, sex, presenting diagnosis, coronary artery disease, heart failure, LVEF, and D-Dimer. ^§Other diagnoses included peripartum cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, hypertensive heart disease, and noncompaction of ventricular myocardium. VT: ventricular thrombus; N: number of patients; NOACs: non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants; VKAs: vitamin K antagonists; ICM: ischemic cardiomyopathy; DCM: dilated cardiomyopathy; HCM: hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; HR: hazard ratio, CI: confidence interval.