| Variables | Overall (n = 7558) | Survival group (n = 6792) | Death group (n = 766) | value |
| Age, years | 68.52 ± 13.56 | 67.98 ± 13.58 | 73.29 ± 12.43 | <0.001 | Female, (%) | 3358 (44.4%) | 3036 (44.7%) | 322 (42.0%) | 0.171 | Ethnicity, (%) | | | <0.001 | | White | 5113 (67.7%) | 4618 (68.0%) | 495 (64.6%) | | Black | 1026 (13.6%) | 981 (14.4%) | 45 (5.9%) | | Other | 1419 (18.8%) | 1193 (17.6%) | 226 (29.5%) | | BMI, kg/m2 | 30.04 ± 7.89 | 30.18 ± 7.93 | 28.78 ± 7.45 | <0.001 | Height, cm | 168.08 ± 11.14 | 168.08 ± 11.18 | 168.13 ± 10.83 | 0.889 | Weight, kg | 84.98 ± 23.57 | 85.38 ± 23.73 | 81.36 ± 21.78 | <0.001 | SBP, mmHg | 114.01 ± 14.83 | 114.76 ± 13.93 | 107.33 ± 19.98 | <0.001 | DBP, mmHg | 57.97 ± 9.68 | 58.01 ± 9.36 | 57.56 ± 12.15 | 0.218 | AF, (%) | 3513 (46.5%) | 3039 (44.7%) | 474 (61.9%) | <0.001 | Liver cirrhosis, (%) | 152 (2.0%) | 124 (1.8%) | 28 (3.7%) | 0.001 | AMI, (%) | 725 (9.6%) | 584 (8.6%) | 141 (18.4%) | <0.001 | CKD, (%) | 3084 (40.8%) | 2708 (39.9%) | 376 (49.1%) | <0.001 | Malignancy, (%) | 20 (0.3%) | 16 (0.2%) | 4 (0.5%) | 0.274 | RF, (%) | 2203 (29.1%) | 1644 (24.2%) | 559 (73.0%) | <0.001 | COPD, (%) | 750 (9.9%) | 641 (9.4%) | 109 (14.2%) | <0.001 | VF, (%) | 145 (1.9%) | 94 (1.4%) | 51 (6.7%) | <0.001 | Hypertension, (%) | 418 (5.5%) | 378 (5.6%) | 40 (5.2%) | 0.756 | DM, (%) | 1421 (18.8%) | 1251 (18.4%) | 170 (22.2%) | 0.013 | Septicaemia, (%) | 833 (11.0%) | 703 (10.4%) | 130 (17.0%) | <0.001 | SAP, mmol/L | 14.81 ± 3.53 | 14.69 ± 3.46 | 15.89 ± 3.92 | <0.001 | Bicarbonate, mmol/L | 26.48 ± 5.26 | 26.64 ± 5.15 | 25.05 ± 5.98 | <0.001 | BUN, mg/dl | 30.00 (20.00, 47.00) | 29.00 (20.00, 47.00) | 37.00 (24.00, 54.00) | <0.001 | Calcium, mg/dl | 8.72 ± 0.66 | 8.74 ± 0.65 | 8.53 ± 0.69 | <0.001 | Chloride, mmol/L | 100.00 ± 6.18 | 99.96 ± 6.12 | 100.31 ± 6.73 | 0.138 | Scr, mg/dL | 1.30 (0.90, 2.00) | 1.30 (0.90, 2.00) | 1.50 (1.00, 2.38) | <0.001 | Glucose, mg/dL | 123.20 (102.00, 157.00) | 123.00 (102.00, 156.00) | 129.00 (103.00, 167.00) | 0.004 | Sodium, mmol/L | 138.27 ± 4.66 | 138.26 ± 4.62 | 138.42 ± 4.95 | 0.355 | Potassium, mmol/L | 4.22 ± 0.58 | 4.22 ± 0.58 | 4.25 ± 0.58 | 0.173 | Hematocrit, % | 31.65 ± 6.08 | 31.71 ± 6.09 | 31.14 ± 6.03 | 0.014 | Hb, g/dl | 10.19 ± 2.07 | 10.21 ± 2.08 | 10.01 ± 2.03 | 0.013 | Plt, ×109/L | 208.00 (151.00, 273.00) | 211.00 (154.00, 276.00) | 186.00 (121.25, 253.00) | <0.001 | RBC, ×109/L | 3.49 ± 0.72 | 3.50 ± 0.72 | 3.42 ± 0.71 | 0.008 | CRP, mg/L | 46.34 (20.37, 77.20) | 42.96 (18.80, 72.70) | 76.85 (49.75, 108.30) | <0.001 | LOS, days | 3.22 (1.70, 6.14) | 3.15 (1.69, 5.94) | 4.12 (1.90, 8.20) | <0.001 | Albumin, g/dL | 3.48 ± 0.64 | 3.51 ± 0.62 | 3.14 ± 0.68 | <0.001 | Lactic acid, mmol/L | 1.86 ± 0.97 | 1.82 ± 0.94 | 2.20 ± 1.12 | <0.001 | WBC, ×109/L | 9.00 (6.70, 11.90) | 8.80 (6.70, 11.60) | 11.00 (7.80, 15.00) | <0.001 | NT-proBNP, pg/ml | 8366.49 (3589.00, 11382.00) | 7832.12 (3215, 10513.47) | 14028.77 (12100.78, 15956.01) | <0.001 | Cardiotonic, (%) | 2288 (30.3%) | 2030 (29.9%) | 258 (33.7%) | 0.034 | Nitro-glycerine, (%) | 4416 (58.4%) | 4131 (60.8%) | 285 (37.2%) | <0.001 | Furosemide, (%) | 7315 (96.8%) | 6609 (97.3%) | 706 (92.2%) | <0.001 | Hypoglycaemic, (%) | 1422 (18.8%) | 1272 (18.7%) | 150 (19.6%) | 0.566 | Infection-fighting, (%) | 892 (11.8%) | 630 (9.3%) | 262 (34.2%) | <0.001 | SAPS II score | 39.00 (32.00, 48.00) | 38.00 (31.00, 47.00) | 46.00 (37.00, 57.00) | <0.001 | SOFA score | 2.00 (1.00, 5.00) | 2.00 (1.00, 5.00) | 3.00 (1.00, 6.00) | <0.001 |
|
|
Abbreviations: AHF, acute heart failure; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; AF, atrial fibrillation; AMI, acute myocardial infarction; CKD, chronic kidney disease; RF, respiratory failure; VF, ventricular fibrillation; SAP, serum anion gap; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Scr, serum creatinine; Hb, hemoglobin; Plt, platelet; RBC, red blood cell; CRP, C-reactive protein; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment. LOS, length of stay (LOS); WBC, white blood cell; NT-proBNP, N terminal pro B type natriuretic peptide; and SAPS II score, simplified acute physiology score II.
|