Research Article

Predictive Value of Arterial Blood Lactic Acid Concentration on the Risk of in-Hospital All-Cause Death in Patients with Acute Heart Failure

Table 3

Subgroup analysis for the levels of lactic acid predicting in-hospital mortality.

VariablesQ1Q2Q3Q4P for interaction

COPD0.201
 NoRef.1.59 (1.20–2.11) 1.74 (1.31–2.30) 2.93 (2.23–3.84)
 YesRef.1.74 (0.89–3.39)1.93 (0.98–3.80)1.76 (0.86–3.61)
DM0.856
 NoRef.1.54 (1.16–2.05) 1.63 (1.23–2.17) 2.60 (1.97–3.43)
 YesRef.2.02 (1.05–3.86) 2.44 (1.27–4.69) 3.55 (1.85–6.78)
Hypertension0.777
 NoRef.1.64 (1.26–2.15) 1.85 (1.42–2.41) 2.76 (2.13–3.58)
 YesRef.1.39 (0.48–4.03)0.51 (0.13–1.96)2.59 (0.91–7.39)
RF0.030
 NoRef.1.14 (0.73–1.82)0.97 (0.61–1.57)2.17 (1.43–3.38)
 YesRef.1.99 (1.44–2.78) 2.72 (1.99–3.82) 4.66 (3.35–6.57)
Septicaemia0.133
 NoRef.1.66 (1.26–2.21) 1.73 (1.31–2.30) 2.57 (1.96–3.41)
 YesRef.1.47 (0.74–3.04)1.98 (1.03–4.02) 3.56 (1.93–7.03)
VF0.437
 NoRef.1.79 (1.37–2.37) 2.00 (1.53–2.64) 2.94 (2.26–3.87)
 YesRef.1.47 (0.74–3.04)1.98 (1.03–4.02) 3.56 (1.93–7.03)
AF0.129
 NoRef.2.01 (1.35–3.05) 1.83 (1.21–2.82) 3.30 (2.24–4.98)
 YesRef.1.25 (0.89–1.76)1.47 (1.06–2.07) 2.16 (1.56–3.04)
AMI0.321
 NoRef.1.64 (1.24–2.17) 1.67 (1.26–2.22) 2.54 (1.94–3.36)
 YesRef.1.28 (0.64–2.76)2.03 (1.02–4.34) 3.29 (1.69–6.93)
CKD0.660
 NoRef.1.59 (1.12–2.31) 1.67 (1.17–2.42) 2.70 (1.91–3.89)
 YesRef.1.69 (1.17–2.47) 1.93 (1.34–2.83) 2.83 (1.99–4.11)

Abbreviation: Q1, 0.3–1.1 mmol/L; Q2, 1.1–1.6 mmol/L; Q3, 1.6–2.3 mmol/L; and Q4, 2.3–4.3 mmol/L; , , and ; Model 1 was not adjusted for variables. Model 2 was adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity. Model 3 was adjusted for age, ethnicity, body mass index, weight, systolic blood pressure, the history of atrial fibrillation, liver cirrhosis, acute myocardial infarction, chronic kidney disease, respiratory failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ventricular fibrillation, diabetes mellitus, septicaemia, anion gap, bicarbonate, blood urea nitrogen, calcium, serum creatinine, glucose, hematocrit, hemoglobin, platelet, red blood cells, C reactive protein, length of stay, albumin, white blood cells, N terminal pro B type natriuretic peptide, cardiotonic drugs, nitro-glycerine drugs, furosemide drugs, infection-fighting drugs, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, and sequential organ failure assessment.