Research Article
The Association of Seasonal Variations and COVID-19 Clinical Features: A Comparative Study on the Fourth and Fifth Waves
Table 1
Characteristics of the study participants (N = 190).
| | Characteristics | Value |
| | Age (years) | 54.98 ± 14.36 | | Female gender | 74 (38.9%) | | Past medical history | | Smoking | 32 (16.8%) | | DM | 55 (28.9%) | | HTN | 62 (32.6%) | | IHD | 25 (13.2%) | | CKD | 12 (6.3%) | | Hepatobiliary diseases | 11 (5.8%) | | Asthma | 11 (5.8%) | | Malignancy | 4 (2.1%) | | Hypothyroidism | 16 (8.4%) | | Clinical manifestations | | Fever | 123 (64.7%) | | Shivering | 82 (43.2%) | | Cough | 157 (82.6%) | | Dyspnea | 150 (78.9%) | | Abdominal pain | 18 (9.5%) | | Myalgia | 119 (62.6%) | | Weakness | 96 (50.5%) | | Headache | 54 (28.4%) | | Nausea/vomiting | 21 (11.1%) | | Diarrhea | 17 (8.9%) | | Constipation | 15 (7.9%) | | Anosmia/ageusia | 28 (14.7%) | | Anorexia | 74 (38.9%) | | Conjunctivitis | 13 (6.8%) | | Oral manifestations | 16 (8.4%) | | SpO2 on admission (percent) | 88 (6) | | Radiological and laboratory characteristics | | Chest CT involvement | | (i) Percentage | 40 (20) | | (ii) Type | | No involvement | 3 (1.6%) | | GGO | 176 (92.6%) | | Consolidation | 11 (5.8%) | | WBC count (cell/microliter) | 6950.00 (4375) | | Neutrophils (cell/microliter) | 5838.00 (4153) | | Lymphocytes (cell/microliter) | 807.50 (591) | | Mode of respiratory support | | (i) Room air | 8 (4.2%) | | (ii) Nasal cannula | 12 (6.3%) | | (iii) Simple mask | 25 (13.2%) | | (iv) Reservoir mask | 130 (68.4%) | | (v) NIV | 8 (4.2%) | | (vi) Intubation | 7 (3.7%) | | (vii) Tracheostomy | 0 (0.0%) | | Hospitalization period (days) | 6.00 (3) | | In-hospital deaths | 13 (6.8%) |
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Values are reported as mean ± SD, median (IQR), or number (percentages). NIV: noninvasive ventilation. |
