Development and Validation of Nomograms to Assess Risk Factors and Overall Survival Prediction for Lung Metastasis in Young Patients with Osteosarcoma: A SEER-Based Study
Table 1
Clinical characteristics of osteosarcoma patients.
Training set (n = 434)
Validation set I (n = 184)
Validation set II (n = 131)
Χ2/Z
P
Age, years
1.552
0.817
0–8
43 (9.91%)
14 (7.61%)
12 (9.16%)
9–16
237 (54.61%)
100 (54.35%)
67 (51.15%)
17–25
154 (35.48%)
70 (38.04%)
52 (39.69%)
Race
458.173
<0.001
Black
77 (17.74%)
28 (15.22%)
0 (0.00%)
White
316 (72.81%)
135 (73.37%)
0 (0.00%)
Other
41 (9.45%)
21 (11.41%)
131 (100.00%)
Sex
3.028
0.220
Female
190 (43.78%)
85 (46.20%)
48 (36.64%)
Male
244 (56.22%)
99 (53.80%)
83 (63.36%)
Primary site
6.525
0.367
Upper limb
59 (13.59%)
28 (15.22%)
19 (14.50%)
Lower limb
327 (73.35%)
133 (72.28%)
91 (69.47%)
Other
30 (6.91%)
9 (4.89%)
10 (7.63%)
Spine/pelvis
18 (4.15%)
14 (7.61%)
11 (8.40%)
T stage
2.817
0.245
T1
181 (41.71%)
68 (36.96%)
61 (46.56%)
T2
234 (53.92%)
105 (57.07%)
63 (48.09%)
T3
10 (2.30%)
6 (3.26%)
3 (2.29%)
TX
9 (2.07%)
5 (2.72%)
4 (3.05%)
N stage
0.895
0.639
N0
408 (94.01%)
171 (92.93%)
120 (91.60%)
N1
13 (3.00%)
9 (4.89%)
8 (6.11%)
NX
13 (3.00%)
4 (2.17%)
3 (2.29%)
Tumor size, mm
1.478
0.830
0–100
237 (54.61%)
101 (65.89%)
79 (60.31%)
101–200
151 (34.79%)
65 (35.33%)
40 (30.53%)
>200
46 (10.60%)
18 (9.78%)
12 (9.16%)
Bone metastasis
2.423
0.298
No
418 (96.31%)
176 (95.65%)
122 (93.13%)
Yes
16 (3.69%)
8 (4.35%)
9 (6.87%)
Lung metastasis
8.368
0.015
No
343 (79.03%)
161 (87.50%)
99 (80.51%)
Yes
91 (20.97%)
23 (12.50%)
32 (19.49%)
Validation set I: internal validation set; validation set II: external validation set.
