Revisiting Provider Communication to Support Team Cohesiveness: Implications for Practice, Provider Burnout, and Technology Application in Primary Care Settings

Table 1

Sample demographics and practice characteristics by location.

	Urban (n = 110)	Rural (n = 70)	Suburban (n = 134)	Overall (n = 314)
Median age (IQR^†)	55 (46, 63)	53 (43, 61)	55 (43, 62)	55 (44, 62)	0.64
Median years of experience (IQR^†))	20 (12, 27)	19 (10, 29)	22 (13, 31)	20 (12, 29)	0.40
Discipline n (%)					0.96
Nurse practitioner	51 (46.4%)	36 (51.4%)	63 (47.0%)	150 (47.8%)
Physician	31 (28.2%)	19 (27.1%)	39 (29.1%)	89 (28.3%)
Physician assistant	28 (25.5%)	15 (21.4%)	32 (23.9%)	75 (23.9%)
White	80 (72.7%)	67 (97.1%)	123 (91.8%)	270 (86.3%)	<0.001
Hispanic	5 (4.6%)	0 (0%)	6 (4.5%)	11 (3.5%)	0.18
Female	76 (69.7%)	52 (74.3%)	109 (81.3%)	237 (75.7%)	0.10
Office setting					0.002
Provider-owned practice	47 (42.7%)	26 (37.1%)	84 (62.7%)	157 (50.0%)
University/hospital affiliated clinic	45 (40.9%)	34 (48.6%)	34 (25.4%)	113 (36.0%)
Others	18 (16.4%)	10 (14.3%)	16 (11.9%)	44 (14.0%)
Length of time employed					0.22
3 or fewer years	18 (16.4%)	14 (20.0%)	13 (9.8%)	45 (14.4%)
4–9 years	29 (26.4%)	16 (22.9%)	44 (33.1%)	89 (28.4%)
10 or more years	63 (57.3%)	40 (57.1%)	76 (57.1%)	179 (57.2%)
Type of work					0.01
Part-time	55 (50.0%)	37 (52.9%)	91 (67.9%)	183 (58.3%)
Full-time	55 (50.0%)	33 (47.1%)	43 (32.1%)	131 (41.7%)
Primary practice					0.005
Independent panel	41 (37.3%)	39 (55.7%)	43 (32.6%)	123 (39.4%)
Comanaging panel	69 (62.7%)	31 (44.3%)	89 (67.4%)	189 (60.6%)

IQR^†: interquartile range.