A Comparison of the Ligation Torque Expression of a Ribbonwise Bracket–Archwire Combination and a Conventional Combination: A Primary Study

Table 1

Brackets and archwires were used in this study.

Bracket	Manufacturer (abbreviation)
Conventional bracket	American orthodontic, Sheboygan, Wisconsin, USA (CB)
New ribbon bracket	Xinya, Hangzhou, China (RB)
Archwire
0.017 × 0.025 inch NiTi	IMD Medical inc, Shanghai, China
0.017 × 0.025 inch TMA	Ormco, Glendora, California, USA
0.017 × 0.025 inch SS	Ormco, Glendora, California, USA
0.019 × 0.025 inch NiTi	IMD Medical inc, Shanghai, China
0.019 × 0.025 inch TMA	Ormco, Glendora, California, USA
0.019 × 0.025 inch SS	Ormco, Glendora, California, USA

NiTi indicates nickel titanium; TMA indicates titanium molybdenum alloy; SS indicates stainless steel.