A Comparison of the Ligation Torque Expression of a Ribbonwise Bracket–Archwire Combination and a Conventional Combination: A Primary Study

Table 2

Mean, standard deviation (SD), mean difference, and t-test result of the moment (Nmm) at every 5 degrees for different experimental configurations (n = 10).

Archwires	Degree of rotation(°)	Conventional bracket		New ribbon bracket
		Mean (Nmm)	SD	Mean (Nmm)	SD	Difference	-value
0.017″ × 0.025″ NiTi	0	0.0240	0.1509	0.0223	0.0086	0.0017	0.9721
	5	0.7691	0.1116	3.3690	0.6986	−2.6
	10	2.3667	0.3282	6.3923	1.1822	−4.026
	15	3.9772	0.2970	9.6219	1.0599	−5.645
	20	4.9777	0.5854	11.8697	0.7647	−6.892
	25	6.8471	0.4603	14.9773	0.6659	−8.13
	30	9.8315	0.8743	16.3156	1.1890	−7
	35	13.2189	0.4967	18.4722	1.2781	−5.93
	40	16.6119	1.3309	20.8641	1.3464	−4.252
0.017″ × 0.025″ TMA	0	0.0252	0.0171	0.0295	0.0127	−0.0043	0.5320
	5	0.9051	0.3383	7.0248	0.2327	−6.12
	10	2.6779	0.2815	12.5870	1.8722	−9.909
	15	4.2503	0.6792	18.0033	1.5760	−13.75
	20	8.9140	0.7907	22.8745	3.7282	−13.96
	25	14.1487	1.0334	27.4326	3.3664	−13.28
	30	20.7365	1.7962	32.3051	3.1005	−11.57
	35	27.5439	1.8361	36.4577	3.1192	−8.914
	40	34.2285	1.2383	39.8239	2.7026	−5.595
0.017″ × 0.025″ SS	0	0.02949	0.0176	0.0210	0.0117	0.0085	0.2220
	5	3.2254	0.2472	8.6561	2.6382	−5.431
	10	5.6105	0.7160	18.2694	3.8456	−12.66
	15	8.4498	1.1519	28.6964	3.6621	−20.25
	20	10.5645	1.1355	37.1495	6.1583	−26.59
	25	18.9973	2.9672	45.1034	3.4185	−26.11
	30	29.9413	2.7820	50.7229	3.0109	−20.78
	35	39.9283	3.4029	54.7292	4.8217	−14.8
	40	52.0167	3.7036	58.3516	5.6925	−6.335
0.019″ × 0.025″NiTi	0	0.0385	0.1036	0.0207	0.0088	0.01781	0.5946
	5	1.4661	0.2094	5.4962	1.2149	−4.03
	10	3.1848	0.7159	10.6272	2.9416	−7.442
	15	6.6366	0.5338	15.7175	2.5917	−9.081
	20	11.8557	1.2036	19.5670	3.3616	−7.711
	25	18.1490	1.8227	23.4209	3.5167	−5.272
	30	23.8320	2.9847	27.3286	3.9960	−3.497	0.040
	35	29.1301	3.3593	29.9234	4.8372	−0.7933	0.6752
	40	36.3693	4.6951	33.2707	6.0261	3.099	0.2159
0.019″ × 0.025″ TMA	0	0.0216	0.0132	0.0193	0.0058	0.0023	0.6162
	5	1.7708	0.2226	7.5271	1.7064	−5.756
	10	3.0757	0.2673	13.5094	3.7258	−10.43
	15	7.3887	0.8049	19.8951	5.1686	−12.51
	20	14.9515	1.2012	26.3241	6.1455	−11.37
	25	22.5115	2.3698	31.15591	4.4792	−8.644
	30	30.4845	2.8534	35.62501	3.9194	−5.141
	35	38.2896	2.8789	40.81511	4.4903	−2.526	0.1516
	40	45.7749	2.6586	45.61601	6.5825	0.1588	0.9444
0.019″ × 0.025″ SS	0	0.0185	0.0059	0.0210	0.0134	−0.002	0.5971
	5	3.5466	0.6463	11.0866	1.6574	−7.54
	10	6.6432	1.1633	21.8575	2.2751	−15.21
	15	11.8049	1.9731	32.6077	5.2439	−20.8
	20	24.2718	3.0400	43.7153	4.2239	−19.44
	25	39.9968	2.2740	50.3080	5.3314	−10.31
	30	53.7625	3.1674	55.2497	7.0366	−1.487	0.5498
	35	66.6219	3.3697	57.9423	7.1362	8.68	0.0027
	40	79.2685	4.1318	61.9520	10.5869	17.32