Research Article
Risk Factors Associated with Mortality in COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients: Data from the Middle East
Table 1
Characteristics, comorbidities, and disease severity in patients with COVID-19 (N = 1,613).
| | Characteristics | Overall sample (N = 1,613) | Survived (N = 1,004) | Deceased (N = 609) | value | | No. (%) | No. (%) | No. (%) |
| | Age, years | | | | | | 18–40 | 148 (9.2) | 115 (77.7) | 33 (22.3) | <0.001 | | 41–65 | 737 (45.7) | 520 (70.6) | 217 (29.4) | | | >65 | 728 (45.1) | 369 (50.7) | 359 (49.3) | |
| | Gender | | | | | | Female | 668 (41.4) | 427 (63.9) | 241 (36.1) | 0.264 | | Male | 945 (58.6) | 577 (61.1) | 368 (38.9) | |
| | Body mass index, (kg/m2) | | | | | | Underweight (<18.5) | 4 (0.2) | 2 (50.0) | 2 (50.0) | 0.221 | | Normal (18.5–25) | 227 (14.1) | 134 (59.0) | 93 (41.0) | | | Overweight (25–30) | 554 (34.3) | 357 (64.4) | 197 (35.6) | | | Obese (>30) | 669 (41.5) | 403 (60.2) | 266 (39.8) | | | Unknown | 159 (9.9) | 108 (67.9) | 51 (32.1) | |
| | Smoking status | | | | | | Current smoker | 223 (13.8) | 123 (55.2) | 100 (44.8) | 0.009 | | Ex-smoker | 191 (11.8) | 107 (56.0) | 84 (44.0) | | | Nonsmoker | 1,199 (74.3) | 774 (64.6) | 425 (35.4) | |
| | Comorbidities | | | | | | Hypertension | 963 (59.7) | 558 (57.9) | 405 (42.1) | <0.001 | | Diabetes mellitus | 802 (49.7) | 467 (58.2) | 335 (41.8) | 0.001 | | Dyslipidemia | 86 (5.3) | 52 (60.5) | 34 (39.5) | 0.814 | | Ischemic heart disease | 291 (18.0) | 156 (53.6) | 135 (46.4) | 0.001 | | Atrial fibrillation | 60 (3.7) | 35 (58.3) | 25 (41.7) | 0.616 | | Heart failure | 143 (8.9) | 70 (49.0) | 73 (51.0) | 0.001 | | Asthma | 49 (3.0) | 31 (63.3) | 18 (36.7) | 0.999 | | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 17 (1.1) | 7 (41.2) | 10 (58.8) | 0.121 | | Sleep apnea | 12 (0.7) | 7 (58.3) | 5 (41.7) | 0.999 | | Cerebrovascular accident (old stroke) | 110 (6.8) | 49 (44.5) | 61 (55.5) | <0.001 | | Chronic kidney disease | 127 (7.9) | 42 (33.1) | 85 (66.9) | <0.001 | | End-stage renal disease | 32 (2.0) | 18 (56.3) | 14 (43.8) | 0.576 | | Chronic liver disease | 4 (0.2) | 1 (25.0) | 3 (75.0) | 0.307 | | Liver cirrhosis | 2 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (100.0) | 0.277 | | Rheumatoid arthritis | 21 (1.3) | 11 (52.4) | 10 (47.6) | 0.476 | | History of venous thromboembolism | 26 (1.6) | 11 (42.3) | 15 (57.7) | 0.056 | | Immunocompromised | 65 (4.0) | 28 (43.1) | 37 (56.9) | 0.002 | | Malignancy | 119 (7.4) | 54 (45.4) | 65 (54.6) | <0.001 | | Hypothyroidism | 78 (4.8) | 43 (55.1) | 35 (44.9) | 0.227 | | Gout | 74 (4.6) | 46 (62.2) | 28 (37.8) | 0.999 |
| | Severity on admission | | | | | | Moderate | 226 (14.0) | 173 (76.5) | 53 (23.5) | <0.001 | | Severe | 522 (32.4) | 359 (68.8) | 163 (31.2) | | | Critical | 865 (53.6) | 472 (54.6) | 393 (45.4) | |
|
|
