Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Patients in North China: Seasonality and the Association between Vitamin D Status and Glycosylated Hemoglobin Levels

Table 2

Characteristics of patients with and without vitamin D deficiency.

Variables	Vitamin D deficient (n = 698)	Non-vitamin D deficient (n = 376)	-value
Age (years)	57 (48–66)	59 (52–66)	0.050
Sex
Male (n)	386	263
Female (n)	312	113
Duration of DM (years)	8 (3–15)	10 (3–15)	0.264
BMI (kg/m^2)	26.46 (23.89–28.88)	25.78 (23.72–28.15)	0.037
SBP (mmHg)	134 (122–148)	132 (122–146)	0.159
DBP (mmHg)	81 (74–90)	81 (74–89)	0.723
Albumin (g/L)	41.57 (38.8–43.8)	42.8 (40.3–45.0)	0.000
TC (mmol/L)	4.77 (3.95–5.58)	4.74 (3.91–5.53)	0.754
TG (mmol/L)	1.52 (1.03–2.30)	1.39 (0.99–2.07)	0.018
LDL-C (mmol/L)	3.09 (2.47–3.66)	3.08 (2.43–3.73)	0.695
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.06 (0.91–1.26)	1.10 (0.94–1.26)	0.091
ApoA1 (g/L)	1.19 (1.04–1.35)	1.22 (1.06–1.37)	0.099
Apob (g/L)	0.81 (0.67–0.99)	0.82 (0.66–0.99)	0.918
FBG (mmol/L)	8.5 (6.6–11.1)	8.0 (6.5–10.4)	0.150
OC (ng/mL)	12.85 (10.14–16.39)	12.58 (9.74–15.82)	0.088
β-CTx (ng/mL)	0.40 (0.26–0.52)	0.39 (0.25–0.50)	0.361
PINP (ng/mL)	40.10 (30.17–49.82)	37.09 (28.54–48.60)	0.017
PTH (pg/mL)	40.52 (30.80–50.14)	34.77 (26.76–45.17)	0.000
Ca (mmol/L)	2.30 (2.22–2.36)	2.30 (2.22–2.39)	0.130
P (mmol/L)	1.23 (1.10–1.35)	1.20 (1.08–1.32)	0.039
TT3 (nmom/L)	1.54 (1.34–1.73)	1.57 (1.37–1.77)	0.067
TT4(nmom/L)	93.84 (82.02–106.40)	95.99 (83.94–107.05)	0.073
FT3 (pmom/L)	4.44 (3.99–4.85)	4.57 (4.08–4.96)	0.025
FT4 (pmol/L)	16.59 (14.77–18.04)	16.62 (14.94–18.44)	0.366
TSH (μIU/mL)	1.90 (1.26–2.74)	1.90 (1.33–2.65)	0.908

BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ApoA1, apolipoproteinA1; Apob, apolipoprotein b; FBG: fasting blood glucose; OC, osteocalcin; β-CTX, β-C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen; P1NP, procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide; PTH, parathyroid hormone; Ca, calcium; P, phosphorus; TT3, triiodothyronine; TT4, tetraiodothyronine; FT3, free thyroxine; FT4, free tetraiodothyronine; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone. Bold values indicate statistically significant results.