Chronic Low Back Pain with and without Concomitant Osteoarthritis: A Retrospective, Longitudinal Cohort Study of Patients in England

Figure 2

Study flowchart. ^†Patients with at least one day of registration in the study period, aged 18 or older at the end of the indexing period, a medical record of acceptable research quality and at least one record of an OA and/or CLBP diagnosis code (Read or ICD-10) prior to study period end. ^‡A separate analysis of Scottish patients was performed, the results of which are not presented here. CLBP, chronic low back pain; HES, hospital episode statistics; OA, osteoarthritis.