Empowering Medical Students: Harnessing Artificial Intelligence for Precision Point-of-Care Echocardiography Assessment of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction

Figure 1

Flowchart of LVEF assessments and the primary and secondary comparisons. (a) The LVEF assessment methods using the students’ HUD-acquired clips upon recruitment to the study and the echocardiographer assessment using the formal high-end echocardiography clips completed within 24 hours from recruitment to the study. (b) The study’s primary comparison included LVEF assessment on students’ HUD-acquired clips: students vs. cardiologists and students + AI vs. cardiologists. The secondary comparisons included the three assessment methods of students’ HUD-acquired echocardiography clips (students’ visual evaluation, AI + students, and cardiologists’ visual evaluation) with the fellowship-trained expert echocardiographer’s assessment of the formal high-end echocardiography. AI, artificial intelligence; HUD, hand-held ultrasound device; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction.

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