Research Article
Influencing Factors of Massive Hemorrhage and High-Grade Renal Vascular Injury after PCNL: A Retrospective Comparative Study
Table 1
Univariate analysis of risk factors for massive hemorrhage after PCNL (categorical variables).
| | | Control | Test | |
| | Size of sheaths (%) | | | 0.586 | | F16 | 12 (12.3) | 6 (8.7) | | | F18 | 50 (51.0) | 45 (65.2) | | | F20 | 29 (29.6) | 13 (18.9) | | | F22 | 2 (2.0) | 3 (4.3) | | | F24 | 5 (5.1) | 2 (2.9) | | | Number of accesses (%) | | | 0.006 | | 1 | 96 (98) | 58 (84.0) | | | 2 | 2 (2) | 8 (11.6) | | | 3 | 0 (0) | 2 (2.9) | | | 4 | 0 (0) | 1 (1.5) | | | Urinary tract infection (%) | | | 0.004 | | Yes | 21 (21.4) | 28 (40.6) | | | No | 77 (78.6) | 41 (59.4) | | | Diabetes (%) | | | 0.023 | | Yes | 4 (4.1) | 11 (15.9) | | | No | 94 (95.9) | 58 (84.0) | | | Hypertension (%) | | | 0.010 | | Yes | 21 (21.4) | 29 (42.0) | | | No | 77 (78.6) | 40 (58.0) | | | Surgical side (%) | | | 0.098 | | Left | 52 (53.1) | 44 (63.7) | | | Right | 46 (46.9) | 25 (36.2) | | | Hydronephrosis (%) | | | <0.001 | | Yes | 81 (82.7) | 23 (33.3) | | | No | 17 (17.3) | 46 (66.7) | | | History of ipsilateral kidney surgery (%) | | | 0.058 | | Yes | 16 (77.6) | 20 (29.0) | | | No | 82 (22.4) | 49 (71.0) | | | Multiple/staghorn stones (%) | | | 0.492 | | Yes | 31 (31.6) | 19 (27.5) | | | No | 67 (68.4) | 50 (72.5) | | | The puncture path in a single puncture (%) | | | 0.410 | | Upper | 7 (7.4) | 6 (9.4) | | | Upper middle | 4 (4.3) | 5 (7.8) | | | Middle | 80 (80.8) | 44 (68.8) | | | Middle and lower | 3 (3.2) | 3 (4.6) | | | Lower | 4 (4.3) | 6 (9.4) | |
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Data are presented as number (proportion).
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